Abstract : A woman undergoes a series of physiological states such as puberty, pregnancy and menarche. A number of anatomical, physiological and hormonal changes occur in pregnancy which not only affects the maternal health but also the health of the child. Oral health is an integral part of overall general health and is often neglected due to lack of knowledge and awareness and an unfavourable attitude.It definitely has its impact upon the systemic health and everyone should be aware about the same.This further needs due consideration in a pregnant women as peculiar oral changes and their impact on the new born infant pregnancy outcome have been discussed and documented with sufficient evidence.Much has been talked about common oral health issues during pregnancy like gingivitis, periodontitis, pyogenic granuloma etc and their management. Patient’s education regarding the oral hygiene and abnormal pregnancy outcome (pre-term birth, low body weight birth) is extremely essential. These conditions may be prevented by appropriate monitoring of dental health in pregnancy and also by providing dental care in such patients.Patients should be referred to the dental health care provider for dental needs during the time of pregnancy. A collaboration of dental and medical health care givers must be made and is an effective channel to provide the best possible treatment and management of these patients.This article discusses the importance of oral health care during pregnancy and how an integration between the medical and dental health provider can go a long way to attend the oral health concerns during this time.

Keyword : Gingivitis, oral health, periodontitis, pregnancy, pre-natal, pyogenic granuloma, collaborative

Abstract : A higher than normal percentual contribution of isoform A to the lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic cluster reveals a pathological shift towards fermentative metabolism somewhere within the organism of the host. The hypermetabolic phenotype expressed by tumour cells, a well-documented hallmark of cancer, is rooted on the catalytic action of several enzymes, amongst which hexokinase 2 and LDH-A are key players, supporting cell survival and neoangiogenesis as well as driving tumour growth. The physiological, intrinsic secretion of lactic dehydrogenase A in healthy humans has not been described formally and can be used as a functional frame of reference in the ultra-early detection of neoplastic transformation. In healthy subjects, even with total plasma LDH within the normal range, increases in the isoform A surpassing three or more standard deviations above its mean percentual contribution to the enzymatic cluster suggest a pathological reprogramming of energy metabolism. Herein, preliminary evidence is presented, supporting the notion of LDH-A as a screening tool for ultra-early, actionable detection of microtumours, during the initial or avascular phase of neoplastic progression.

Keyword : isoenzyme A, lactic dehydrogenase, Warburg effect, metabolic cancer therapy