Archive : Volume - 10, Issue - 8, Month - August
1 Insights and Current Perspectives on Pharmacogenomics of Antimalarial Drugs
- Julius Olugbenga Soyinka* ,
- Charles Okeke Nnadi ,
- Sharon Iyobor Igbinoba ,
- Cyprian Ogbona Onyeji
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Abstract : Abstract
Malaria constitutes a major public health concern in tropical and other malaria-endemic regions. Genetic and non-genetic factors are known to influence the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of drugs including antimalarial drugs resulting in variability in drug responses. This article aimed to update perspectives on pharmacogenomics and also provide an updated appraisal of genetic variability in drug-metabolizing enzymes which alter the disposition of antimalarial drugs causing variations in treatment outcomes. Important literature databases such as Elsevier, IEEExplore, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and BioMed Central were selected based on the quality, extant content, and broad area of the discipline. The specific keywords related to the study were identified and used for the study purposely to identify related works. Advances in genetic research have facilitated the identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes that metabolize most antimalarial drugs. There is an association between isoforms of CYP450 gene variants and the efficacy of some antimalarial drugs, and this may be applied to the optimization of malarial therapy. Although identification of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene variants can be used for personalization of malaria treatment, several challenges are encountered in this process but some resources provide education and guidelines on how to use the pharmacogenetic results of specific drugs.
Keyword : Keywords: Antimalarial drugs; Cytochrome P450; Gene Variants; Pharmacogenomics
2 Parotid Cyst: A Rare Case Report
- Priti Hajare* ,
- Adarsh Sanikop ,
- Shilpa Mallapur ,
- Akash Rai ,
- Anilkumar Harugop ,
- Vinita Metgudmath
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Abstract : Major salivary gland swellings frequently lead to a differential diagnosis that are frequently linked to cystic degeneration or are totally cystic in character. Retention cysts are real cysts that infrequently affect the major salivary glands. Only 2-5% of the swellings of the major salivary glands are non-neoplastic in nature, and 6–9% of them present as cystic lesions.
The parotid gland cysts are equally common in both men and women, and they often manifest as a single, painless swelling in the parotid region that does not involve the skin or facial nerve below. The majority of reported instances have acquired origins and are blamed on obstructive processes. They exhibit a great deal of heterogeneity in epithelial lining type.
Any area of the parotid gland can develop a cystic lesion, although the lips, buccal mucosa, and mouth floor are the most frequent locations.They are typically unilateral, which prompts a parotid tumour.
Keyword : Salivary swelling Parotid cyst Benign swelling
3 Pneumonitis and Encephalitis Linked to Advancing Neoplastic Tumor in a Patient - A Case Report
- Sudhinder Singh Chowhan* ,
- Tarun Saxena ,
- Prashant Kumar Singh ,
- Pramod Dadhich
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Abstract : This case report presents a computational analysis of hemorheology in a patient diagnosed with diabetes who experienced encephalitis subsequent to pneumonitis. Hemorheology pertains to the study of blood flow characteristics and plays a critical role in comprehending and addressing various medical ailments. Employing a computational hemorheology model, the outcomes revealed noteworthy irregularities in hemorheology, which potentially contributed to the development of encephalitis following pneumonitis. Moreover, the pre-existing diabetes condition of the patient likely further complicated the hemorheological changes. These findings indicate that computational modeling of hemorheology offers valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of diabetes-related complications and may have significant clinical implications for predicting and managing such complications. Consequently, this case report emphasizes the significance of comprehending hemorheological alterations in individuals with diabetes and underscores the potential of computational hemorheology in forecasting and addressing complications associated with this condition.
The study observed abnormal hemorheology in the patient, including alterations in red blood cell deformability, aggregation, and viscosity. The findings suggest that computational modeling of hemorheology provides valuable insights into the mechanisms behind encephalitis subsequent to pneumonitis and holds potential clinical applications in predicting and managing complications associated with these conditions.
Keyword : Hemorheology, Diabetes Mellitus, Encephalitis, Pneumonitis, Drug Management
4 Assessment of Occupational Exposure Among Diagnostic Radiology Workers in King Faisal Medical Complex in Taif City - Saudi Arabia
- Mohammed A. Alnafea* ,
- Emad Alamri ,
- Mahmood Abd-Alalim ,
- Osama Albedaiwi ,
- Abdulaziz Alamri
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Abstract : ABSTRACT
Radiographic imaging is extremely valuable as a diagnostic tool in medicine, but ionizing radiation poses hazards for health-care providers as well as patients in health-care facilities (HCFs). Occupational radiation exposure can occur due to various human activities, including the use of radiation in medicine. Radiation exposure from diagnostic X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan carry well-known potential risks. Personnel and radiation safety monitoring is an important safety precaution in the practice of radiography. The study aimed to assess the occupational radiation exposure and safety protection among medical staff in HCFs in the Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study compares the occupational radiation dose levels for all radiation workers in King Faisal Medical Complex in Taif City of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia over four years. The occupational exposure was quantified using thermoluminescence dosimeters. The study results concludes that the occupational radiation doses to all workers during the four years period were below the limits set by the ICRP recommendations. The measured annual effective doses for workers were found to be 0.39 mSv.
Keywords: Radiation Dose; Dose limits; Occupational exposure; Personal dosimetry; Radiology; TLD.
Keyword : Radiation Dose; Dose limits; Occupational exposure; Personal dosimetry; Radiology; TLD.
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