Abstract : Accurate data on the causes of death in children under the age of 5-years in Ghana are limited and usually from vital registrations and occasional clinical studies. The aim of this study was to identify and group the underlying causes of death in these children and offer recommendation. Material and methods. This was a retrospective autopsy study from January 2002 to December 2012. Results. Approximately 5.0% of all autopsies performed during the study period were children under the ages of five years. The underlying causes of death were: infections (49.4%), injuries and poisons (20.1%), congenital and developmental abnormalities (17.5%), nutritional (5.3%), neoplasms (2.5%) and haemoglobinopathies (1.8%). Approximately 73.0% of the deaths were preventable. Majority (84.6%) of the deaths occurred in the community and in males (57.2%). Neoplasms related deaths commonly occurred in health facilities. Congenital and developmental abnormities deaths were commoner in neonates. Common infection related deaths were: malaria (37.7%), pneumonia (29.4%) and diarrhoea diseases (21.3%). For injuries and poisons; these were: burns (28.6%); road traffic accidents (26.7%) and drowning (21.5%). Malnutrition was the commonest nutritional cause of death, while lymphomas were the common neoplastic causes of death. Conclusion. Under five deaths were commoner in the community, boys and in the childhood period. Approximately 73.0% of these deaths could have been prevented, by paying attention to the immediate environment of children and use of appropriate medical interventions. We recommend that autopsy data on under five deaths be part of the routine health sector mortality data in Ghana.

Keyword : Ghana, under five, underlying, causes, deaths, autopsy

Abstract : Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplasm in children in past few decades is one of the most gratifying achievement in the field of oncology. Childhood lymphomas are rare paediatric malignancy characterized by abnormal growth of lymphocytes. Aims and Objectives of this study was to describe the epidemiology of childhood cancer in western Uttar Pradesh, a state in Northern India, that would serve as a National reference source and will act as a seminal to spawn new research in the field of childhood lymphomas. The study evaluated a total of 252 cases of pediatric tumors over a period of seven years, including patient of 0-12 years of age group; attending the out-patients and in-patients of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (tertiary care centre), Aligarh, with the complaints of tumor associated sign and symptomsLymphoma being 3rd most common childhood malignancy in our study comprised a total of 15 cases, that included 9 cases of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) and 6 cases of Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). It accounted for 6% of total neoplasm and 12.5% of all pediatric malignancies. The mean age of occurrence was 8.1 years with a slight male predilection.

Keyword : Pediatric, Lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, Tumor

Abstract : Abstract Introduction: Inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) is unique in its involvement of right ventricle. The incidence varies from 30 % to 50%. Aim: The aim of this study was to survey the clinical profile and prevalence of risk factors in a subgroup of patients with IWMI and incidence of right ventricle involvement who were admitted to the Cardiac ICU. Methods: The analysis involved 91 consecutive patients (pts) with inferior wall myocardial infarction hospitalised between 1 January 2003 and 1 December 2003. Results: Ninety one patients were studied and the mean age was 58 years. There were 70 males and 21 females. 48% (43/91) of the patients had a stay of more than seven days. About 29% (26/91) of the patients presented with atypical symptoms. More than half of patients (51%-14/27) with RV involvement were with atypical symptoms. Eleven (11/91) patients were hemodynamically unstable at presentation, of which five (5/11-46%) of them had RV involvement. Forty one (45%) of them had other wall involvement along with IWMI. Conclusions: Forty three (48%) of patients had a stay more than seven days. In our study the number of deaths were only four (4/91) which was only 4%, Ten (11%) were discharged against medical advice and the rest of them recovered completely. Among deaths two of them had RV involvement and both of them had complete heart block on presentation and one of them presented with a cardiac arrest and was revived initially in emergency room. Right ventricular MI when seen with an IWMI was associated with unusually higher incidence of hypotension 22% (10/27) and 63% (17/27) arrhythmias in the form of atrio-ventricular (AV) blocks or complete heart blocks and sinus bradycardia.

Keyword : acute, arrhythmias, infarction, inferior wall, myocardial, right ventricle

Abstract : Nabumetone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent preferred in the treatment of conditions and disorders associated with inflammation like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The aim of the present study was to formulate HPMC matrix tablets coated with Eudragit S 100 and Eudragit L 100 for site-specific delivery of Nabumetone for treating spasms in colon. The use of enteric polymer Eudragit S 100 coated matrix tablets makes them able to release the drug at the particular pH of colonic fluid. The polymer Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M retards the drug release.

Keyword : Nabumetone, HPMC K4M, Eudragit L 100 & S 100, Enteric coated tablets