Abstract : The Cancer War against the biggest current threat to global human health (1971 – 2???) failed dismally because the bankruptcy of its theoretical bases. New insights in cancer biology and origin are sorely needed. The goal of this article is to widen immunological evidence of the entirely innovative hypothesis of xenogamous origin, parasite subsistence and sexual transmission of human cancer. The search was based on a multidisciplinary integrative reassessment and reinterpretation of relevant current data about hereditary immunity of cancer and against cancer. The main focus was on manifestations of hereditary immunity over consecutive stages of cancer subsistence, beginning from the invasion of victim’s genome with cancerous gamete and finishing by sexual transmission of cancerous genome between people. The evidence of hereditary immunity has been revealed at any of the stages. The subsistence of cancer within a prey’s body at the expense of substances derived from the body is crucial for the progression of cancer. The subsistence is supported by constitutive immunity of cancer cells to the host’s immune defense and cell regulation. These new notions encourage new proposals for cancer prevention by restriction of cancerous fertilization and for cancer healing by pathogenetically grounded chemotherapy.

Keyword : Cancerous genealogy, cancer embryogenesis, cell regulation, genome intrusion, parasite-pray, self-procurement, sexual transmission, xenogamy.

Abstract : Upper respiratory diseases are one of the most frequently encountered disorders in the world. This results in high incidence of morbidity and absenteeism for growing children. Although no specific causative organism has been reported but most of the cases show low immunity. In this study Septogard syrup has been found to be effective in alleviating the symptoms of URTD. Almost 82% children recovered completely and became symptom free within 8 weeks of treatment. None of the children reported any side effect even 2 weeks after treatment with Septogard.

Keyword : Septogard, Tonsillitis, Sore Throat, Pharyngitis, Immunomodulator, Infection

Abstract : Assessment of serum liver enzyme and trace element levels was carried out in a total of hundred (100) subjects comprising seventy (70) sickle cell disease patients attending Madani learning hospital comparatively with thirty (30) apparently healthy persons as control subjects. Blood samples were collected from participants, they were analyzed for trace elements using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The enzymes activities for serum glutamic oxaloacetic transamineses (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminases (SGPT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured using the kinetic tests depending on the reaction with the substrates (2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and P. Nitro phenyl). The mean serum level of Magnesium, Zinc, in sickle cell disease patients were 13.1000 ± 1.89 mg/L, 0.40883 ± 0.095 mg/L respectively . Serum magnesium, zinc levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in sickle cell disease patients when compared with the control. While liver enzymes were in a significant difference (P<0.01). SGOT reported low activity while ALP reported higher activity between the study groups. Serum trace elements levels was not age or sex dependent, as similar pattern of serum trace elements was observed in both male and female sickle cell disease patients. The age and sex distribution for SCD patients indicated tremendous increases in the number and percentage of the disease among males and females in the age between 2-9 years (66.7%, 57.5%) respectively. Seventy (70) patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease, with both sexes. Their age ranged between 6 months to 17 years. Thirty persons (30) were used as control. Freshly obtained blood samples from patients and control were used to estimate biochemical parameters which include; liver function test (SGOT & SGPT and alkaline phosphatase), and trace element (Zinc, Magnesium). Different analytical (colorimetri, spectrophotomer) methods were used to determine biochemical parameters indicated above. Serum tracee

Keyword : In Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease, liver enzymes, zinc, magnesium.

Abstract : The present work aims to study the possible anti-fibrotic effect of aliskiren, valsartan, chloroquine, zafirlukast in comparison to colchicine on prevention of liver fibrosis in experimental model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in rats. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCL4 (33mg/kg, oral) for 6 weeks. The rats were treated with either aliskiren (10 mg/kg), valsartan (50 mg/kg), chloroquine (5 mg/kg) zafirlukast (5 mg/kg) or colchicine (50 µg/kg) simultaneously with CCL4 treatment. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt, Between June 2013 and August 2014. We included 56 Spague Dawely rats. All are exposed to induction of hepatic fibrosis by CCL4 for 6 weeks. After the end of treatment, blood samples were obtained to assess liver function tests, plasma renin activity. Then, liver tissues were obtained to assess hepatic fibrosis markers (hydroxyproline and transforming growth factor-β1) and oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde). Moreover, liver specimens from each group were processed for histo-pathological studies. Treatment with either colchicine, aliskiren, valsartan, chloroquine or zafirlukast simultaneously with CCL4 for 6 weeks resulted in marked decrease in the amount of collagen fibers around the central veins. There is also improvement liver function tests, fibrosis markers and oxidative stress markers. Sample size is 8 rats in each group. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance followed by post hoc test of Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. This study demonstrated the promising anti-fibrotic effect of aliskiren, valsartan, chloroquine, zafirlukast and colchicine. These drugs significantly prevent progression of liver fibrosis induced by CCL4 in rats; probably through, inhibition of renin angiotensin system, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant effects, and decrease TGF-β1 level so,

Keyword : liver fibrosis, carbon tetrachloride, Aliskiren, TGF-β1.

Abstract : Sural nerve biopsy is important in diagnosing causes of neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathies are a heterogenous group of disorders with varying etiologies. A systematic approach is required for patient evaluation for cost effective diagnosis. Nerve biopsy has a good diagnostic yield if done in properly selected cases. This is especially so for the asymmetrical neuropathies particularly infectious causes like leprosy, vasculitis and amyloidosis.

Keyword : Sural nerve biosy, peripheral neuropathy.

Abstract : Nurses are involved in the prevention and management of chronic diseases like hypertension in primary health care settings. However, information about the roles of nurses in prevention and managing high blood pressure in South-South Nigeria remains scarce. Therefore, this research attempts to relate the performance of nurses roles in preventing high blood pressure with their qualifications in primary health care centres in Delta State. Interviewer’s administered questionnaire was used to gather information from eighty-five nurses chosen from the twenty-nine randomly selected primary health care centres in the twenty five local government areas of Delta State. Results show that the nurses performed the roles at varying degrees judged to be poor overall. The nurses’ identified roles and level of performance bear no significant relationship to their qualifications. It was also observed that most of the nurses had no training in the management of hypertension and do not use the recommended NHA guidelines. These indicate the need for facilitators to organize training courses on hypertension management for nurses, and integrate such into the curriculum for nursing education.

Keyword : Blood pressure, Hypertension, Nurses, Patients, Professional qualifications, Roles.