Archive : Volume - 2, Issue - 10, Month - October
1 A REVIEW ON STUDY OF DRUG PRESCRIBING PATTERN IN DIABETES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF INDIA.
- Dev Priya Singh* ,
- SURESH PUROHIT ,
- B.L. Pandey ,
- Prabhat Upadhyay
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Abstract : Diabetes mellitus is a pandemic disease that has struck each and every corner of the world. It is a chronic disease caused by inherited/ acquired deficiency in insulin production or in effectiveness of insulin produced. A wide range of oral antidiabetic drugs such as sulphonylureas, biguanides, Alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides and the most recently introduced dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors have been used. The present article reviews various prescribing pattern studies of drugs conducted all over country and abroad. It was observed in the majority of such studies that physicians do not adhere to the guidelines made by regulatory agencies leading to irrational use of medicines. This in turn leads to increased incidence of treatment failure and economic burden on the patient and the community as a whole. The treatment of diseases by the use of essential drugs, prescribed by their generic names, has been emphasized by the WHO and the National Health Policy of India. We conclude that the prescribing pattern studies provide a bridge between areas like rational use of drugs, pharmacovigilance, evidence based medicine and pharmacoeconomics. In India, this is the need of the hour to utilize the data generated by so many prescribing pattern studies done in every state and on every drug, so that the main aim of promoting rational use of drugs is fulfilled.
Keyword : Prescribing pattern, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics, rational use of drugs.
2 Epidural Anasthesia in Lower Limb Surgeries: A Comparison between Bupivacaine Alone and Bupivacaine with Tramadol
- Javid Iqbal* ,
- Annu Manhas ,
- Halal Ahmed ,
- Ishtiyaq Ahmed ,
- Shafa Abeeda ,
- Halal Ahmed
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Abstract : Compare the epidural bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine with tramadol in lower limb surgeries. The patients were randomly divided into two groups with 50 patients in each group as under: Group I (Bupivacaine): These patients received 20ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine + 1 ml of normal saline total volume 21ml administered through epidural route. Group II (Bupivicaine Tramadol): These patients received 20ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine + 1 ml of Tramadol (50mg) total volume (21ml) administered through epidural route. The parameters studied were onset of action, quality of anaesthesia, degree of motor blockade, duration of analgesia, hemodynamic alterations, intraoperative and postoperative complications. Mean onset of action was comparable in both groups. Quality of surgical anaesthesia was excellent in both groups. All patients in group I (Bupivacaine) and group II (Bupivacaine Tramadol) reached Bromage grade I. Duration of analgesia was prolonged in group II (Bupivacaine – Tramadol) as compared to group I (Bupivacaine). Group II (Bupivacaine Tramadol) remained superior to group I (Bupivacaine) in respect of duration of analgesia. In group I Bupivacaine 1 (2%) patient developed hypotension and none of the patient had bradycardia. Two (4%) patients developed nausea. Two (4%) developed shivering. None of the patients had intraoperative vomiting. In group II (Bupivacaine Tramadol) 1 (2%) patient developed hypotension and none of the patient had bradycardia. 2(4%) patients developed nausea. None of the patient had intraoperative vomiting. None of the patients had shivering. None of the patient in any study group developed postoperative nausea, vomiting, postdural puncture headache or backache. Tramodol is a safe and effective adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine for prolongation of total duration of analgesia in lower limb surgeries.
Keyword : Bupivacaine, tramodol, epidural, lower limb surgeries.
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