Abstract : ABSTRACT Adnexal torsion is an uncommon but serious cause of lower abdominal pain in women and is often difficult to distinguish from other acute abdominal condition; however the possibility of ovarian torsion should be considered when an ovarian mass is discovered in an appropriate clinical setting. If the adnexal torsion is complete and goes undiagnosed and untreated haemorrhagic infarction may occur in the involved ovary and may lead to peritonitis and death. Although ultrasonography is typically the initial emergent examination, computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance [MR] imaging may also be useful diagnostic tools. Common CT and MR imaging features of adnexal torsion include fallopian tube thickening, smooth wall thickening of the twisted adnexal cystic mass, ascites, and uterine deviation to the twisted side. Additional imaging findings that can suggest haemorrhagic infarction include eccentric smooth wall thickening exceeding 10 mm in a cystic ovarian mass converging on the thickened fallopian tube and lack of contrast enhancement of the internal solid component or thickened wall of the twisted ovarian mass. In this article we report a case of young female with history of lower abdominal swelling for one month with sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain and vomiting was found to have right ovarian torsion with a large cyst with signs of haemorrhagic infarction on MR imaging and the patient was treated by open laparotomy and right sided salpingo-oophorectomy with cystectomy which was later confirmed as mature cystic teratoma or dermoid cyst on excisional biopsy.

Keyword : Keywords: Hemorrhagic infarction, Magnetic resonance imaging, Salpingo-oophorectomy, Mature cystic teratoma.

Abstract : ABSTRACT Among the most common infections of digestive system in human beings are helminth infections. In developing countries they pose a large threat to the society. Such parasitic diseases cause severe morbidity, including lymphatic Filariasis, onchoserciasis and schistosomiasis. The present paper deals with anthelmintic activity of leaves of Streblus asper belonging to family Moraceae, a potential medicinal plant. The plant is used in traditional medicine for folk medicine for the treatment of different ailments such as Filariasis, Leprosy, Tooth ache, Diarrhea, Dysentery, and Cancer. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were evaluated for its anthelmintic activity against adult Indian earth Worms (Pheretima posthuma). Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of each extract were studied, which involved for the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the test worms. It was found that ethanolic extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity while aqueous extract show least activity. The bioassay involved determination of the time of paralysis and time of death control. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/mL) was used as standard reference drug Keywords: Anthelmintic activity, Pheretima posthuma, Piperazine citrate, Streblus asper,

Keyword : Anthelmintic activity, Pheretima posthuma, Piperazine citrate, Streblus asper,

Abstract : Stroke is the third most common cause of death worldwide. There is a close relationship between ischemic cerebral vascular accidents and carotid artery stenosis due to various causes. Imaging of the extra cranial portion of the carotid arteries plays a important role in diagnosing various carotid artery diseases including atherosclerosis, which in turn can predict atherosclerosis of the entire vascular system of the body. Atherosclerosis of intracranial arteries is a well-recognized cause of ischemic stroke in Asians, and extracranial carotid artery disease is more often seen in western countries. Due to its wide availability, USG can be used as an important diagnostic tool for proper evaluation of patients of cerebrovascular accident in emergency setting. This paper aims to discuss the results of our hospital based cross sectional study on the various morphological and physiological changes taking place in the extracranial portion of carotid arteries as an underlying pathological process in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency. Increased IMT, presence of plaque, and evaluation of plaque characteristics such as types, surface, sites, morphology, etc. can be useful to estimate the predictable risk for a cerebrovascular event in the future. Echolucency of plaque, intraplaque hemorrhage, and plaque ulceration are plaque morphologies, that have been found to be associated with increased risk of Ischaemic stroke. In addition to that, doppler velocity parameters of the stenotic segments can provide information about the resultant changes in the hemodynamics.

Keyword : Ischemic Stroke, Cerebrovascular Insufficiency, Grayscale and Colour Doppler Ultrasonography

Abstract : Background: Multiple pregnancies are considered as high-risk pregnancies due to the increase associated maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The incidence of multiple pregnancy varies from region to region, with a very high incidence recorded in Nigeria and other African countries. Aims: To determine the prevalence and the feto-maternal outcome of multiple pregnancies. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all pregnant women who had multiple gestation at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016. Data was obtained from the case notes and the special care baby unit (SCBU). The data obtained was entered into a spread sheet and analyzed using SPSS 22. Results are presented in simple percentages and tables. The P value was set at < 0.05 Results: During the period under review there were 9,895 deliveries, of which 287 were multiple pregnancies, giving a multiple pregnancy rate of 29/1000 deliveries. The mean age of the women was 29.0 ±4.3years, while the mean parity was 1.6± 1.5. Majority (85%) of the pregnancies were achieved spontaneously, while 15% were achieved through assisted reproductive technology. Twin pregnancies made up 92.1% of multiple gestations. The most common antenatal complication was pregnancy induced hypertension (22%). The caesarean section rate was 71%, the most common indication for caesarean section was abnormal lie and presentation of the leading twin (26.3%). About half (53%) of the babies were delivered preterm, with a mean gestational age at delivery of 35.1± 1.5 weeks. Of the 558 babies delivered, 52.3% had low birth weight. There were 43 perinatal deaths, giving a perinatal mortality rate of 77/1000 total births. Perinatal mortality was significantly associated with prematurity (0.0001) and booking status (0.0001). There were three maternal deaths, giving a maternal mortality ratio of 556.04/ 100,000 live births. All the maternal deaths were in unbooked patients. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy, associated with a high rate of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. It is recommended that women with multiple pregnancy should have supervised antenatal care and delivery in a facility with good obstetric and neonatal intensive care services.

Keyword : Multiple pregnancy, feto-maternal outcome, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract : Abstract: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. This epidemic had spread to 200 countries/territories with 2,471,930 confirmed cases, including 170,129 deaths, as of April 21, 2020. The World Health Organization declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This study analyzed and discussed the epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention of knowledge surrounding COVID-19 based on the current published evidence for a better understanding of the control of this virus. The reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhoea, haemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines are being recommended for reducing the transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment is proven effective; hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. This review in the hope of helping the public effectively recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and providing a reference for future studies.

Keyword : Keywords: COVID-19, epidemiology, treatment and prevention.

Abstract : Dillenia indica is a well known medicinal plant which thrives in varied agro-climates. It is native to Northeast India, but is widely distributed throughout the Himalayan range. Various studies on the plant reveals the presence of diverse biologically active chemical compounds associated with curing different ailments such as diabetes, inflammations, diarrhea, cancer, ulcer, microbial diseases, hematic disease, hepatic problems, dental problems, cardiovascular problems, hyperlipidmia and others. Most of the biological activities are contributed by the wide varieties of compounds present in fruit and leaves of D.indica. Various scientific investigations have proved that Proanthocyanidins and 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4'-hydroxy-benzyl)-chroman-4-one present in the fruit of D.indica are responsible for minimizing the severity of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Betulinic acid isolated from D.indica has anticancer property. In addition to the therapeutic properties, the mucilage of D.indica is used as an important ingredient of various pharmaceutical formulations. Various factors affecting the chemical composition of D.indica such as temperature, annual season rainfall, Ph, harvest date, climate, land and cultivation methods are discussed in this review. In view of the medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of the plant, it is quite worthy to review the active constituents and clinical effectiveness of D.indica.

Keyword : Dillenia indica, Biological activity, Chemical constituents, Medicinal plant

Abstract : Viral infection caused by corona virus named 2019-nCov has become pandemic affecting over 200 countries and leading to over 0.25 million deaths worldwide. At present there is no approved drug available specific against 2019-nCov. The present research work is focused on preliminary molecular docking evaluation of forty already available anti-viral drugs using 2GTB and 2GX4 Mpro proteins complexes. The docking simulation study result indicates that Ponatinib with highest docking score might be useful against 2019-nCov whereas, Delavirdine, Idoxuridine, Raltegravir with good docking score may be considered to treat 2019-nCov. The present article may be used by researchers to further detailed evaluation of these drugs as well as by medical professionals to fight against this infection.

Keyword : 2019-nCov, anti-viral drug, docking, coronavirus

Abstract : ABSTRACT The main objective of this present work is, to test the antimicrobial activities of crude ethanol extracts of leaves, stem and blooms from Hyptis suaveolens against bacteria- Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus vulgaris and, fungi- Aspergillus nigar and Candida albican. Antimicrobial properties of Hyptis suaveolens were evaluated using cup-plate diffusion and disc diffusion method. Analysis of the data revealed that, the ethanol extract of the blooms exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. It showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus: 34 mm, B. subtilis; 36 mm, E. coli; 35 mm, P. valgaris; 21 mm and P. aerguinosa; 17 mm. The ethanolic extract of the stem showed the highest antifungal activity on C. albican (39 mm). A. nigar was very sensitive to the ethanol extract of the leaves (35 mm). Results were compared to standard drugs; gentamicin and clotrimazole. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that this Hyptis suaveolens flowering tops has antimicrobial activity, which is as significant as standard antimicrobial drugs against certain microorganisms. Keywords: Hyptis suaveolens, Ethanol, Blooms, Antifungal, Antibacterial.

Keyword : Hyptis suaveolens, Ethanol, Blooms, Antifungal, Antibacterial.

Abstract : ABSTRACT Brown tumor also known as osteitis fibrosa cystica generalisata or Von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone, is a metabolic bone disease that develops in primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumors can occur in any location but are most common in the ribs, clavicle and pelvis. The reported prevalence of brown tumors is 3% in primary hyperparathyroidism and can occur in mandible very rarely [1]. We describe an unusual case of primary hyperparathyroidism in a 30-year-old female patient presenting with mandibular brown tumor as the first clinical manifestation. It should be differentiated from other true giant cell tumors of bone. Keywords: Brown tumour, primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid adenoma, mandible.

Keyword : Brown tumour, primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid adenoma, mandible.

Abstract : Background: In glaucoma, only one-third to half have elevated IOP at initial stages. Hemodynamic parameters measured using Colour Doppler Imaging (CDI) parameters can differentiate eyes suffering from Glaucoma compared to normal eyes early. To evaluate the role of CDI in glaucoma patients and to compare hemodynamic changes and resistive index in Ophthalmic artery (OA), Central retinal artery (CRA), Short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) in glaucoma patients and controls. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 30 cases of Glaucoma and 30 controls. IOP measurement, fundus examination and CDI was done. The Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) values, Systolic/ diastolic (S/D) ratio were obtained for the OA, CRA and SPCA. Resistive Index (RI) was calculated as (PSV - EDV)/PSV. IBM SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Chi square test/Fisher’s exact test was used for qualitative variables while independent sample t-test was used for quantitative variables. Results: The difference between the two groups was statistically significant with respect to PSV OA and EDV SPCA. The mean difference of RI OA, RI CRA, RI SPCA in the glaucoma group was statistically not significant. ROC curve analysis revealed a good predictive value (AUC = 0.647) for the PSV OA in predicting Glaucoma. Conclusions: Hemodynamic parameters measured using CDI can differentiate glaucomatous eyes from normal eyes.

Keyword : Glaucoma, Retrobulbar blood flow, Colour Doppler Imaging, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Normal Tension Glaucoma, Resistive Index

Abstract : Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypogonadtrophic hypogonadism associated with altered sense of smell. KS is due to failure of intrauterine migration of olfactory axons and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons from olfactory plate to the hypothalamus. There is defective hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) synthesis and agenesis or hypoplasia of olfactory bulbs and olfactory sulcus. The prevalence is estimated at one in 10,000 males and one in 50,000 females. We described a case of 22 years male patient who presented with delayed puberty, characterized by absence of facial and axillary hair and sparse pubic hair, micropenis and bilateral small testes and associated with decrease smelling capacity. Diagnostic evaluation consist of hormonal evaluation which revealed revealed low levels of testosterone, LH & FSH with normal levels of TSH, prolactine and cortisol. MRI shows agenesis of olfactory bulbs and grooves, absence of the olfactory sulcus resulting in fused gyrus rectus and medial orbital gyrus forming a single gyrus. Furthermore, this patient had partial empty sella, which is one of the anomalies that are associated to this syndrome. It is planned to manage this case with Hormonal replacement therapy to induce puberty and later on pulsatile GnRH will be administered when fertility will be desired.

Keyword : Kallmann syndrome, Hyposmia, Anosmia, Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, Magnetic Resonance Imaging