Author Name : Asna Urooj
1 A Review On the Occurrence, Causative Factors and Pattern Of Malnutrition In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Asna Urooj* ,
- Chandan Vinay Srigiripura
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Abstract : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of the respiratory system characterised by extra pulmonary manifestations that includes nutritional depletion, which is known to have negative consequences on morbidity and mortality. Chronic malnutrition results in reduced lung and respiratory muscle function secondary to loss of lean body mass, multiple nutrient deficiencies and cachexia when chronic in nature. A literature review was performed on the prevalence and trend of malnutrition, reported in COPD patients. Increased resting energy expenditure, thermic response to food, early satiety, increased pro inflammatory cytokines are known to lead to loss of appetite, weight loss and cachexia on a long term. Under nutrition among various study populations is reported between 20-70% and cachexia in 27-33% of subjects with COPD. Malnourished individuals are exposed to higher risk of mortality, morbidity and poor prognosis by the reduced pulmonary function and risk of infections due to the loss of fat free mass, skeletal muscle strength, lower immune function secondary to malnutrition. Pre-existing oxidative stress can be further worsened by deficits in micronutrient intakes. Anthropometric assessment including fat free mass is important in evaluating nutritional depletion as some COPD patients may lose fat free mass without any alterations in fat mass. Thus, COPD patients can suffer from malnutrition, further aggravated by the severity of symptoms, biochemical alterations and severity of disease. Further, undernutrition can negatively affect the prognosis necessitating a thorough assessment of body composition along with somatic status among patients losing weight and those with a history of weight loss.
Keyword : Cachexia, Fat free mass, Malnutrition, Nutritional depletion, Oxidative stress.
2 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC, ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF SUBJECTS WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER: A PILOT STUDY
- Asna Urooj* ,
- Sheetal Vijayakumar Shenoy ,
- Sudha Sairam ,
- Namratha Pai Kotebagilu
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Abstract : Malnutrition is one of the most important nutritional issues that can arise during cancer treatment and it is common among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The anatomic site of tumor can significantly affect deglutition and mastication which are the major causes of malnutrition apart from cachexia. The objective of this research work was to study the socio-demographic and nutritional status of patients with HNC. A pilot study was undertaken in patients diagnosed with HNC (n=50), attending cancer care specialty hospital, Mysuru, India. From the results, it was observed that the mean BMI of the patients (18.63±3.56 kg/cm2 in men, 21.06±4.69 kg/cm2 in women) was normal. The subjects had MUAC values lower than the standard value indicating a nutritional risk if not given attention (Men-25.12±2.47, Women-24.21±4.24). The TSF values were lower (Men – 7.27±4.19, Women – 14.3±7.64) compared to the standard value (10 in men and 13.25 in women). Hence, BMI is not an accurate tool to reflect the nutritional status. Biochemical data revealed that the haemoglobin (12.53±2.24 g/dL in men, 11±1.73g/dL in women) and platelet count was lower than the normal values. The PG-SGA score revealed that 42% of the study population were in the SGA B and C category implying moderate to severe malnutrition and 54% of the patients complained of deglutition. Cancer cachexia along with lower values of anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters reflect poor nutritional status among HNC patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both. Therefore, nutritional screening and assessment of the HNC patients are of utmost importance before starting the treatment regimen.
Keyword : Head and neck cancer, malnutrition, India, socio-demographic, nutritional status.
3 Changes In Oxidative and Antioxidant Status In Acute Myocardial Infarct Patients
- Asna Urooj* ,
- Ranjini. T A
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- Journal DOI : 10.46624/bjmhr.2018.v5.i07.003
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Abstract : Evidence suggests that free radicals are the central pathogenic factor in the atherosclerotic process. Biochemical marker of oxidative stress malondialdehyde and antioxidants viz., serum vitamin E, glutathione (GSH) and magnesium were measured in MI patients (n=47) on admission and monitored over 96 h and compared with healthy controls (n=28). MI subjects were grouped according to the treatment – thrombolyzed (T) and non-thrombolyzed (NT). Mean age of MI onset was 40y, majority of the subjects had a lower protein status and higher waist-hip ratio. An atherogenic lipid profile was observed in >50% of the subjects. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly (p<0.05) elevated on day one of admission (T -10.6 + 0.49, NT-11.83 + 0.18 nmol/l), which decreased at 96h in both MI groups, however the levels were higher in the thrombolyzed group. Serum vitamin E, GSH and magnesium levels were also markedly lower (p<0.05) compared to normal subjects. Serum vitamin E levels increased after 24 h, as result of vitamin supplementation. Antioxidant rich foods were used less frequently. The observations suggest that increased generation of free radicals in the MI event maybe mediated through the oxidation of LDL as majority had markedly elevated LDL levels (> 140mg%). The findings indicate a persistent oxidative stress that might be associated with intravascular inflammation.
Keyword : Oxidative stress, Serum vitamin E, myocardial infarction, thrombolysis, serum magnesium.
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