Archive : Volume - 4, Issue - 10, Month - October
1 Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Threat, Treatment, and Future trends in Management
- Mila Nu Nu Htay* ,
- Angus E Aranan ,
- Wai Wai Myint ,
- Win Htay
- Abstract
- Show Article
- Download : 193
- Certificate
Abstract : Emergence of antibiotic resistance is a global concern in this era to combat infectious diseases. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and the drug of choice for treatment was penicillin. However, the first clinically significant penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococcus (PNSP) was documented in 1967. Since then, penicillin resistance strain had been identified in different continents of the world. Among 94 serotypes of S. pneumoniae, “paediatric serotypes” (6A, 6B, 9V, 14, 15A, 19A, 19F and 23F) were found to have the highest resistance to penicillin and erythromycin globally. The mechanism of penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is conveyed by the alternation of the structure of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), which leads to reducing the affinity for penicillin. There is a relationship between antibiotic consumption and dissemination of antibiotic resistant pneumococcal clones in Southern and Eastern Europe, America, and Asia. Therefore, rational use of antibiotics is important in order to decrease the development and spread of resistant strains.
After the introduction of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 7 vaccine, non-vaccine serotypes like 6C, 11A, 15A, and 15B/C have increased in prevalence. Since the changes in serotype prevalence due to selective pressure have been observed, it is necessary to monitor the prevalent serotypes. Optimal coverage may be achieved by using vaccines with a wide range of serotype coverage in the future. In managing pneumococcal infections, sensitivity tests are important to choose the appropriate antibiotics. In severe pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia patients at the area of high prevalence of PNSP, the initial antibiotics must include intravenous carbapenems, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime or newer quinolones, meanwhile, penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis (≥ 2 µg/ml) is vancomycin and ceftriaxone or cefotaxime. Judicious use of antibiotics, modification of the treatment duration and encouragement for adherence by patients are recommended to prevent antibiotic resistance. Development of new classes of drugs and novel therapeutic regimen is essential to overcome the hazard of penicillin resistance pneumococcal infection in future.
Keyword : Penicillin resistance, β-Lactams, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
Login
Loading....
Author Guideline
Copyright Form
News Update
Archive List
- Volume-11
- Volume-10
- January 2023 Issue 1
- January 2023 Issue 1
- February 2023 Issue 2
- March 2023 Issue 3
- March 2023 Issue 3
- April 2023 Issue 4
- April 2023 Issue 4
- May 2023 Issue 5
- May 2023 Issue 5
- May 2023 Issue 5
- June 2023 Issue 6
- June 2023 Issue 6
- July 2023 Issue 7
- July 2023 Issue 7
- August 2023 Issue 8
- August 2023 Issue 8
- September 2023 Issue 9
- October 2023 Issue 10
- November 2023 Issue 11
- December 2023 Issue 12
- Volume-9
- January 2022 Issue 1
- February 2022 Issue 2
- March 2022 Issue 3
- April 2022 Issue 4
- May 2022 Issue 5
- June 2022 Issue 6
- July 2022 Issue 7
- July 2022 Issue 7
- July 2022 Issue 7
- July 2022 Issue 7
- August 2022 Issue 8
- September 2022 Issue 9
- October 2022 Issue 10
- October 2022 Issue 10
- November 2022 Issue 11
- November 2022 Issue 11
- November 2022 Issue 11
- December 2022 Issue 12
- Volume-8
- January 2021 Issue 1
- February 2021 Issue 2
- February 2021 Issue 2
- March 2021 Issue 3
- April 2021 Issue 4
- May 2021 Issue 5
- June 2021 Issue 6
- June 2021 Issue 6
- June 2021 Issue 6
- July 2021 Issue 7
- August 2021 Issue 8
- September 2021 Issue 9
- October 2021 Issue 10
- November 2021 Issue 11
- December 2021 Issue 12
- Volume-7
- January 2020 Issue 1
- January 2020 Issue 1
- February 2020 Issue 2
- March 2020 Issue 3
- March 2020 Issue 3
- March 2020 Issue 3
- April 2020 Issue 4
- April 2020 Issue 4
- May 2020 Issue 5
- May 2020 Issue 5
- May 2020 Issue 5
- June 2020 Issue 6
- June 2020 Issue 6
- June 2020 Issue 6
- July 2020 Issue 7
- August 2020 Issue 8
- September 2020 Issue 9
- October 2020 Issue 10
- November 2020 Issue 11
- December 2020 Issue 12
- December 2020 Issue 12
- Volume-6
- January 2019 Issue 1
- February 2019 Issue 2
- March 2019 Issue 3
- April 2019 Issue 4
- April 2019 Issue 4
- May 2019 Issue 5
- May 2019 Issue 5
- June 2019 Issue 6
- June 2019 Issue 6
- July 2019 Issue 7
- July 2019 Issue 7
- August 2019 Issue 8
- September 2019 Issue 9
- September 2019 Issue 9
- September 2019 Issue 9
- October 2019 Issue 10
- November 2019 Issue 11
- November 2019 Issue 11
- November 2019 Issue 11
- December 2019 Issue 12
- Volume-5
- January 2018 Issue 1
- January 2018 Issue 1
- February 2018 Issue 2
- March 2018 Issue 3
- April 2018 Issue 4
- May 2018 Issue 5
- June 2018 Issue 6
- July 2018 Issue 7
- August 2018 Issue 8
- September 2018 Issue 9
- September 2018 Issue 9
- October 2018 Issue 10
- October 2018 Issue 10
- November 2018 Issue 11
- December 2018 Issue 12
- December 2018 Issue 12
- Volume-4
- January 2017 Issue 1
- February 2017 Issue 2
- February 2017 Issue 2
- March 2017 Issue 3
- April 2017 Issue 4
- April 2017 Issue 4
- May 2017 Issue 5
- June 2017 Issue 6
- June 2017 Issue 6
- June 2017 Issue 6
- June 2017 Issue 6
- July 2017 Issue 7
- August 2017 Issue 8
- August 2017 Issue 8
- September 2017 Issue 9
- October 2017 Issue 10
- November 2017 Issue 11
- December 2017 Issue 12
- December 2017 Issue 12
- December 2017 Issue 12
- Volume-3
- January 2016 Issue 1
- February 2016 Issue 2
- March 2016 Issue 3
- April 2016 Issue 4
- May 2016 Issue 5
- June 2016 Issue 6
- June 2016 Issue 6
- July 2016 Issue 7
- July 2016 Issue 7
- July 2016 Issue 7
- August 2016 Issue 8
- September 2016 Issue 9
- October 2016 Issue 10
- October 2016 Issue 10
- November 2016 Issue 11
- November 2016 Issue 11
- December 2016 Issue 12
- Volume-2
- Volume-1
Statastics
Download of Articles
115,503