Diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT The aim of this systematic review to evaluate the effect of diabetes on dental implants loss. Review authors searched 3 electronic databases; Pubmed, Cochrane and Lilacs: 11/10/2018, hand searched 11 journals till November 2018 and snowballing: 15/10/2018. Adult female and male patients above 18 years old, either completely or partially edentulous, maxillary and/or mandibular dental implants, restored by fixed or removable prosthesis, were included. Surgical modifications, drugs that affect bone density, like vitamin D and biphosphonates, were excluded. Diabetic patients, who are classified either controlled or uncontrolled were considered eligible. Review authors extracted data relevant to PECOT. Data was descriptively and statistically analyzed. 14 studies; 9 prospective and 5 retrospective studies, involving 1398 participants and 3282 implants, were included in this systematic review. 3 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the results of implant loss 2 years following implant placement, implant therapy in diabetic patients seems to be possible. However, results should be taken with extreme cautions, since the quality of evidence is very low. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, high blood sugar, Dental implants, Oral implants

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the common chronic diseases worldwide. Approximately 422 million people have been diagnosed with DM worldwide; in Saudi Arabia, the prevalence is 30%. DM has many complications that are known to cause pain and fatigue to the patients. Moreover, chronic pain and fatigue are highly associated with a decreased quality of life. Pain and fatigue studies on diabetic patients are still insufficient in Saudi Arabia especially in Taif city. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and correlation of pain in fatigued patients with diabetes in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021. The sample size included 200 participants from Taif city. Inclusion criteria encompassed those who were ≥15 years of age and had diabetes for at least one year. Those who did not have diabetes or were younger than 15 years of age were excluded. A self-administrated electronic questionnaire was used to collect the data. The statistical analysis of data was performed using IBM statistics version 20. Results: A total of 55.2% of the participants reported the presence of pain. Legs and feet were the most frequent locations of the pain. There was association between pain and age, gender, depression, anxiety, and physical activity. In contrast, there was no association between the type of diabetes and fatigue severity or between the type of diabetes and pain severity. Conclusions: Pain is a highly prevalent symptom in diabetic patients. Highlighting the importance of improving modifiable risk factors in diabetic patients is paramount in reducing the effect of pain and fatigue on those patients.

Diabetes mellitus affects more than 100 million worldwide, with a soaring prevalence. Prolonged diabetes results in reproductive dysfunction. Mistletoe is widely used in ethnomedicine, including treatment of infertility. This study is aimed at evaluating effect of Englerina drummondi (mistletoe) leaves on testicular function in diabetic male rats. Methanol Extract of Englerina drummondii Leaves (MEDL) was obtained by soxhlet extraction. Thirty male Wistar rats (170–200 g) were grouped into 6 (A – F; n=5). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was induced in groups D, E and F by administration of 250mg/kg fructose and High Fat Diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. Thereafter, rats in all groups were treated orally for 56 days with either MEDL or Distilled Water (DW) as follows: Group A (control) 1ml DW; B (500mg/kg MEDL), C (250mg/kg MEDL), D (DM + 250mg/kg MEDL), E (DM + 500mg/kg MEDL), F (DM + 1 ml DW; served as diabetic control). Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) measured on weeks 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. After treatment, rats were sacrificed, blood collected and serum used for testosterone; epididymal semen for sperm analysis. Results show that MEDL significantly (P<0.05) reduced FBG in groups D and E (3.98±0.21 and 4.04±0.29mmol/L respectively), compared to group A (3.94±0.14mmol/L). Treatment with MEDL to diabetic rats significantly (P<0.05) increased sperm count, viability, and testosterone, while reducing sperm abnormality, compared to diabetic control. It was concluded that Englerina drummondii leaves possess antihyperglycemic effects, and ameliorates testicular dysfunction in diabetic rats.

ABSTRACT Literature reveals that quercetin shows hypoglycaemic active by more than one way. In present work virtual docking study of quercetinand its probable analogs was carried out on insulin receptor PDB ID:1IR3by using biopredicta module of Vlife MDS 4.3.In results of virtual screening it was found that 2-(3, 4 dihydroxy phenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H chromen-4-one(quercetin) and its probable analogs 3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (analog 1), 3,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(analog5)and 3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4- one(analog7) showed promising results and hence were synthesized. The results of in- vivo screening confirm the results of virtual screening as analogs 1, 5 and 7 have shown better activity hypoglycamic activity than quercetin. Keywords: Quercetine, synthetic analogs, Diabetes mellitus, Virtual screening

Objectives: To determine the association of anthropometric indices with type 11 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Shifa Foundation Falahi Clinic, Islamabad Pakistan. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Shifa Foundation Falahi Clinic, Islamabad to determine the association of obesity related indices like waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), & body mass index (BMI) with type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. A total of 328 patients were included. The blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile was also performed. The correlation and significance was determined among dependent and independent variables. Results: The mean age of the patient was 47.14 + 11.07. There was 220 (67.1%) female and 108 male (32.9%). The frequency distribution of BMI revealed that only 37 female patients (16.8%) were normal, while 27 male patients (25%) had normal BMI. The diabetes mellitus was present in 164 (50%) of the patients. Hypertension was present in 170 (51.82%) patients. The WC, WHR & BMI has a positive correlation with hypertension and statistically significant. The WC also has a positive correlation with type 11 diabetes mellitus and TG. Conclusion: The study results concluded that the anthropometric indices (WC, WHR & BMI) has a positive correlation with hypertension and statistically significant. The WC also has a positive correlation with type 11 diabetes mellitus and triglyceride (TG). Further community based studies are required to ascertain the findings of this study.

Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes is not one disease but rather a heterogenous group of syndromes characterized by elevation of fasting blood glucose. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) is an acute phase reactant and a sensitive marker of inflammation. Hyperglycemia can potentially promote the production of Hs-CRP. The aim of this study was to correlate the association of fasting blood glucose with Hs-CRP and some other cardio metabolic concentrations. Methods: A total number of 355 adults, age 30-60 yrs, subjects were recruited in the study. Of them 192 subjects was non diabetic (control) group and 163 was diabetic (study) group. Vital statistics were taken along with measurement of blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and Hs-CRP levels. Data were analyzed using statistical Package for Social Program (SPSS) for Windows version 17. Results: In comparison to non diabetic subjects, diabetic are significantly older (P=0.001), have higher BMI (P=0.001), higher waist hip ratio (P=0.042) and higher body fat mass% (P<0.0001). Systolic blood pressure is high in diabetic subjects but not statistically up to significant level but diastolic blood pressure is high (P=0.016). In biochemical parameters Triglyceride (P=0.001) and Hs-CRP (P<0.001) are significantly higher and High Density lipoproteins (HDLs) are significantly lower (P=0.030) in diabetic subjects. Conclusion: Anthropometric parameters are found to be high in diabetic subjects compared to non diabetic subjects. High level of Hs-CRP, Triglyceride and low level of HDL-c is also observed in diabetic subjects. Literature is reviewed accordingly.

Diabetes is a major and growing health problem worldwide and in the Sudan, zinc and vit D play ‎a functional role on insulin function and glucose tolerance. Study aim to evaluate zinc level in ‎type2 DM patients with vit D deficiency. Cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 type2 DM ‎patients aged between 25-80 years old, classified based on vit D results into two groups, <30 ‎ng/ml considered as cases and >30ng/ml as control. Vit D, zinc and glucose were determined in ‎fasting blood samples, using competitive ELISA and atomic spectroscopy. The percentage of ‎DM was higher among females (63%), and vit D deficiency was common among females (75%), ‎results of BMI showed females more obese than males (77.6% females have BMI > 26.5 ‎compared with 65.9% for males), in males .vit D inversely correlate with BMI, and there was no ‎correlation in females, vit D result in week negative correlation with zinc (r= -0.0195 ), and no ‎association between zinc and blood glucose (P-value = 0.46). Zinc and vit D are essential ‎nutrients in DM patients, thus deficiency lead to early complications in type 2 DM patients, ‎which need regular monitoring