Creatinine

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a genetic and/or lifestyle disease which had wide ramifications affecting the functioning of several organs. As of now, approximately 35% of Indian population are with DM. Uncontrolled DM will lead to many other diseases, the first being the alterations in kidney function followed by cardiac and liver diseases. About 45% of kidney diseases are caused by uncontrolled DM. HbA1c and serum creatinine are the two gold standards for the monitoring and control of DM and kidney disease and there must exist some association between them. This research article presents an association found between these analytes and depicts HbA1c/ Creatinine ratio as an Index to assess the progression and control of DM in a group of patients with T2DM. Very good association was found between HbA1c and creatinine as well as HbA1c to the ratio, both for controls and patients ( p< 0.0001). The outcome of this study strongly suggests that all patients undergoing treatment for T2DM be investigated for serum creatinine to ascertain kidney function.

Illnesses associated with high environmental temperatures include; heatstroke (hyperthermia), heat exhaustion, heat syncope (fainting), and heat cramps, transient heat fatigue. The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of creatinine and creatine kinase (CK) in people who work under direct sun heat exposure, and assess the changes that can be caused. A descriptive, case-control study was conducted in Sudan, Khartoum State, during the period of May to August 2013. A total of 81 males – both case and control subjects – were studied, in which 50 males (61.7%) were the test subjects, which were bankers, and working under cold, air conditioned environment, thus there were not exposed to sun heat. Blood samples from each subject were taken and analyzed for creatinine concentrations and CK activities using spectrophotometeric method. In the test group, the mean ± S.E of creatinine and CK were 0.95 ± 0.13 mg/dl and 201±22 U/L respectively. The mean ± S.E of creatinine and CK in control group were 0.86±0.02 mg/dl, 92±12 U/L respectively. There was significant difference between the means of serum creatinine( p value of 0.004 )and CK(0.00) levels, among the test group compared to the control group. This study concludes that, there is an effect of heat exposure on serum creatinine and serum CK levels causing an appropriate elevation, due to a mild injury to the body, caused by the heat stress. Further studies should be conducted for assessment of the heat stress effect on the body’s systems.