SARS-CoV-2

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 has caused global pandemic that resulted in a dramatic loss of human life worldwide. The first human case was reported in December 2019 in China, and while the first case in Syria was confirmed on March 2020. By July 1st, 2021, 25551 cases were reported in Syria with 1879 deaths. The most common symptoms of covid-19 are fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. Some patients may endure from musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and dermatologic symptoms. Many drugs (including antibiotics, corticosteroids, antiviral and Immunomodulatory drugs) have been evaluated and recommended to be used in COVID-19 treatment, resulting in clinical recovery. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Syria, pandemic, remdesivir, corticosteroids, antiviral

ABSTRACT Immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients may have increased risk of causing severe disease during hospitalization of COVID-19. We conducted this review for better understanding the clinical characteristics and outcomes of this population. A literature search was undertaken to identify the studies which reported outcomes of kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with COVID-19 by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar from January 1, 2019 to July 1, 2020. 38 studies reporting 217 KTR hospitalized with COVID-19 were included in the current study. All patients experienced fever, cough or dyspnea before hospitalization. 52.6% of recipients were classified as severe patients. The mortality of overall patients and discharged patients including those discharged alive and dead was 20.3% and 30.8%, respectively. Among discharged patients, 53.3% of those admitted to ICU, 73.3% requiring invasive ventilation and 38.5% receiving non-invasive ventilation died. 47.3% of in-hospital KTR developed AKI. Among the severe patients who developed AKI, 32.1% requiring renal replacement therapy during hospitalization. In conclusion, immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with COVID-19 are at higher risk of developing severe disease (53.3%) at a relatively young age and have higher mortality (30.8%) and higher prevalence of acute kidney injury (47.3%) compared to the general population with COVDI-19. Keywords: Acute kidney injury; COVID-19; mortality; SARS-CoV-2; systematic review; transplantation

As per the reports of World Health Organisation (WHO), the first positive case of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) triggered on 8th of January 2020 in China and the disease as on 2020 May 13, prevalent over 215 countries. During this period, the virus have claimed over two lac lives and infected over twenty nine lac people around the globe despite substantial prophylactic measures and modernized health-care facilities. The virus causing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and is believed to be transmitted initially from animals to human and later occurrence of person-to-person transmission is reported. India adopted “Lock Down” throughout the country as a strategic measure, well in advance to combat the disease like most of the other foreign countries. As a consequence, all types of large and small industrial sectors have been badly affected, resulting in a major socio-economic impact. The pandemic has created an unprecedented level of risk, causing investors to suffer significant losses in a very short period of time which is the worst crash since 1987 and there is a knock of $1.1 trillion, off the expected growth of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The government of India and most of the other countries has declared special packages for the workers of unorganized sectors, women, small and medium sized industries to deal with the situation. This review will focus on the overall information regarding the virus, global transference pattern analysis, socio-economic impact, treatment and management strategies by different countries and strategies to prevent future viral pandemics like this COVID-19 outbreak.