systematic review

ABSTRACT Immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients may have increased risk of causing severe disease during hospitalization of COVID-19. We conducted this review for better understanding the clinical characteristics and outcomes of this population. A literature search was undertaken to identify the studies which reported outcomes of kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with COVID-19 by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar from January 1, 2019 to July 1, 2020. 38 studies reporting 217 KTR hospitalized with COVID-19 were included in the current study. All patients experienced fever, cough or dyspnea before hospitalization. 52.6% of recipients were classified as severe patients. The mortality of overall patients and discharged patients including those discharged alive and dead was 20.3% and 30.8%, respectively. Among discharged patients, 53.3% of those admitted to ICU, 73.3% requiring invasive ventilation and 38.5% receiving non-invasive ventilation died. 47.3% of in-hospital KTR developed AKI. Among the severe patients who developed AKI, 32.1% requiring renal replacement therapy during hospitalization. In conclusion, immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with COVID-19 are at higher risk of developing severe disease (53.3%) at a relatively young age and have higher mortality (30.8%) and higher prevalence of acute kidney injury (47.3%) compared to the general population with COVDI-19. Keywords: Acute kidney injury; COVID-19; mortality; SARS-CoV-2; systematic review; transplantation

This systematic review examines the effectiveness of the psycho-educational interventions (PEIs) targeted at people diagnosed with schizophrenia (PDwS) on improving knowledge level of schizophrenia and health related outcomes. PEIs for PDwS and their primary caregivers (PCs) show, to some extent, a positive result; however, the majority of studies have significant methodological limitations. The methods described by Centre for Reviews and Dissemination were used to guide this review. Two reviewers were involved in screening articles for inclusion and in the data extraction process. Data were synthesized using the constant comparative method of analysis. Out of the 2507 records identified, 29 papers were considered for full review. The PEIs showed consistently improvement in the knowledge level of schizophrenia among participants for various follow-up intervals. PEIs for this PDwS should be integrated with standard care in the psychiatric clinics.