Type 2 diabetes mellitus

The global burden of diabetes as per the International Diabetes Federation 2013 amounts to 382 million and is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 65 million diabetic individuals currently diagnosed with the disease1, 2Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which causes high mortality and morbidity due to its micro vascular and macro vascular complications.3Although there is an increase in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes, the major driver of the epidemic is the more common form of diabetes, i.e. type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes cases.4Even though diabetes poses high economic burden in India, the real burden of the disease is mainly due to its associated complications.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate,fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action,or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. A case-control study was carried out in Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh during the period of January 2012 to December 2012. The samples were collected from the department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. The age limits of the patients were from 30-70 years. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire including age, sex, blood pressure, total cholesterol. Total numbers of patients were 90 of which 50 were considered as cases (All type-II diabetic patients having (i) age 30-70 years (ii) Fasting blood sugar ≥ 7 mmol /L. (iii) Random blood sugar ≥11.1 mmol/L. (iv) 2 hrs. after oral glucose load is ≥ 11.1mmol/L and 40 controls (non-diabetic, age 30-70 years, absence of renal, liver and cardiovascular diseases). The study was designed to observe the postprandial triglyceride level in type-II diabetic patients. The mean fasting triglyceride level of cases was 210.70 (±19.5) and the 2hrs, 4hrs and 6hrs after test meals were 238.9 (±22.75), 260.5 (±15.36), and 260.32 (±5.94) respectively. At the same time the mean fasting triglyceride of the control was 173.75 (±19.86) and the corresponding mean of the control were 189.75 (±15.23), 174.38 (±16.49) and 173.88 (±15.79) mg/dl respectively. The fasting and postprandial (2hrs, 4hrs and 6hrs) triglyceride levels were significantly higher than that of corresponding control. There are also significant differences of triglyceride level in fasting and 2hrs, 4hrs and 6hrs after test meal among the cases which indicated that the triglyceride levels remained eleva