AST

Klebsiella are Gram-negative, shorter and thicker rod shaped bacilli. On Mac-Conkey agar it shows mucoid colonies due to presence of polysaccharide capsule.Total 50 isolates of Klebsiella species collected from different clinical samples were studied biochemically. The different samples were urine 19 (38%), pus 15 (30%), blood 11 (22%), and sputum 5 (10%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and the ESBL detection by double disc synergy method.Klebsiellapneumoniae were the most common 48 (96%), followed by Klebsiellaoxytoca 2 (4%) in our study. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin were 100%, percentages to cephalosporins were high: cefozolin and cefuroxime 30 (60%), cefotaxime 27 (54%) and cefoperazone and ceftazidime were 28 (56%). Most of those 21 (42%) were from the infection associated in the hospital. Resistance to Aminoglycosides ranged from 60 to 70%. Resistance to co-trimoxazole and tetracycline were 25 (50%) and 27 (54%) respectively. Resistance to fluoroquinolones were 28 (56%). Resistance to carbapenem (meropenem) were 20 (40%) and to piperacillin sulbactam were 21 (42%).Resistance to third generation cephalosporins were 15 (30%) out of which 9 (60%) showed ESBL production using double disc synergy method

Hypertension is believed to have a wide range of effects on body's physiology with a controversial data on the association between hypertension and elevation of liver enzymes. Liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) are considered as markers of liver function. To investigate the proposed association of hypertension with liver enzymes. fifty-eight hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 28-76 and another age-matched group of 42 individuals selected as a control group, demographic data were collected in a predesigned form, then the liver enzymes were measured for the patients as well as the individuals of the control group. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, version 16. The means of plasma AST, ALT, ALP and GGT levels among patients were 20.79, 12.69, 81.72, and 20.48, respectively and among control group were 18.45, 9.53, 81.14 and 16.28 respectively, in spite of this obvious variations in liver enzymes among hypertensive patients when compared to the controls, this variation was found to be statistically insignificant. The study also showed that the plasma levels of AST (r=0.05, P value=0.089). and ALT (r=0.004, P value=0.972),ALP (r=0 .128,P value=0.214) were negatively correlated with BMI while the GGT(r=0.343, P value=0.000)was positively correlated with BM. The levels of liver enzymes in hypertensive patients were not significantly elevated compared to control group. While there is a correlation between BMI and plasma enzymes GGT. Levels of transaminases AST and ALT revealed significant association with the duration of hypertension.