Gad A Modawe

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with dyslipidaemia and may render the affected women “at risk” of developing cardiovascular disease. Objective of this study was to evaluate lipid parameters in Sudanese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The study was case control hospital based carried, out on 32 diagnosed PCOS subjects aged (18-35 years) and 32 age-matched healthy women. Blood samples were collected in a fasting state and lipid parameters were estimated by Biosystem Kits using Spectrophotometer. The mean ± standard deviation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL respectively in cases were (194±36.3, 95.8±29.0, 128.4±32.1, 19.1±5.8, 47.1±14.1). while the mean and standard deviation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL respectively in control were (166.22±16.7, 86.1±12.6, 89.9±21.2, 17.22±2.53, 59.5±12.3). There were significant elevation in most lipid profile. The study concluded that, most lipid profile were significantly increased except triglycerides and VLDL.

Preeclampsia is one of the causes that lead to mortality among pregnant woman and fetus. However it is etiology is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the level of serum lead and it is relation with serum phosphorus in the development of preeclampsia. This study was case control hospital based study, Blood samples were collected from 50 preeclamptics, 50 normal pregnant women. Serum lead was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and serum Phosphorus was determined by using spectrophotometer. The study was conducted during the period of January to April 2015. The mean ±SD of serum lead and phosphorus respectively were(0.98±0.26, 3.98±0.81) for preeclampsia ,while the mean±SD of serum lead and phosphorus respectively in normal pregnant women were(0.32±0.11, 3.6±.66 ). lead was significantly higher(p=0.00) , whereas Phosphorus was significantly lower (p =0.03) in preeclamptics than in normal pregnant women Also serum lead was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures(p=0.01) in preeclampsia. Preeclamptics have a higher serum lead and lower serum phosphorus levels when compared with normal pregnant women. It appears that increase in serum lead, which parallel decreases in serum phosphorus, may be related to the development of preeclampsia.

Illnesses associated with high environmental temperatures include; heatstroke (hyperthermia), heat exhaustion, heat syncope (fainting), and heat cramps, transient heat fatigue. The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of creatinine and creatine kinase (CK) in people who work under direct sun heat exposure, and assess the changes that can be caused. A descriptive, case-control study was conducted in Sudan, Khartoum State, during the period of May to August 2013. A total of 81 males – both case and control subjects – were studied, in which 50 males (61.7%) were the test subjects, which were bankers, and working under cold, air conditioned environment, thus there were not exposed to sun heat. Blood samples from each subject were taken and analyzed for creatinine concentrations and CK activities using spectrophotometeric method. In the test group, the mean ± S.E of creatinine and CK were 0.95 ± 0.13 mg/dl and 201±22 U/L respectively. The mean ± S.E of creatinine and CK in control group were 0.86±0.02 mg/dl, 92±12 U/L respectively. There was significant difference between the means of serum creatinine( p value of 0.004 )and CK(0.00) levels, among the test group compared to the control group. This study concludes that, there is an effect of heat exposure on serum creatinine and serum CK levels causing an appropriate elevation, due to a mild injury to the body, caused by the heat stress. Further studies should be conducted for assessment of the heat stress effect on the body’s systems.

This study was conducted to compare the quantitative and qualitative aspects of serum ‎cholesterol in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients due to diabetes with that of CRF in patients ‎due to other causes, and assessing the possibility for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular ‎disease. The study was conducted in 80 Sudanese patients on haemodialysis and peritoneal ‎dialysis, 40 of them had CRF due to Diabetes mellitus and others had CRF due to other ‎causes. Additional 40 health Sudanese served as control. Serum samples were analyzed using ‎standard colorimetric methods to detect concentration of the total cholesterol, triglycerides, ‎high density lipoprotein. In CRF patients due to diabetes mellitus there was significant ‎increase in serum cholesterol level, also there was consequent decrease in high density ‎lipoprotein. The mean of total cholesterol was 255 mg/dl in the first group and in the second ‎was 183 mg/dl, triacylglycerols was 177 mg/dl for the first group and for the second group ‎was 163 mg/dl, low density lipoproteins was 187 mg/dl for the first group and for the second ‎group was 113 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein cholesterol was 27 mg/dl for the first group ‎and 31 mg/dl for the second group. There was no effect of sex, age and the duration of renal ‎failure. This study demonstrated the effect of diabetes mellitus on lipoprotein level in patients ‎with CRF as one of the atherosclerotic risk factor.‎