prevalence

ABSTRACT Immediate postpartum hemorrhage (IPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal death in developing countries and is defined as blood loss of more than 500 ml within 24 hours of delivery. It is often aggravated by delays in recognition, management and referral of patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, causes and management modalities of IPH at the maternity ward of Savè Zone Hospital in 2025. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a period of 15 months. All records of women who gave birth in the maternity ward of the zonal hospital from January 2024 to March 2025 were included in the study. A total of 30 records of women who presented with HPPI were retained. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed descriptively with R software versions 4.4.2. Qualitative variables were expressed as percentages and quantitative variables as means with their standard deviations. Out of a total of 1169 deliveries recorded during the period, 30 women had Immediate Postpartum Hemorrhage, a prevalence of 2.56%. The average age of patients with postpartum hemorrhage is 27.13 years ± 6.40 years, with extremes of 17 and 44 years. The average gestation observed in this study was 3.56 ± 2.04, with extremes ranging from 1 to 8. The average parity is 3.06 ± 2.09. The average number of prenatal consultations (CPN) carried out by the women surveyed was 3.03 with a standard deviation of 2.14. 66.67% were referred from another health facility. Uterine atony is identified as the main cause of PPH, followed by birth canal trauma. The majority of patients are successfully managed with the use of oxytocics and other medical interventions. HPPI is a major obstetric emergency and remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. It occurs within 24 hours of delivery and requires rapid and effective management. Its prevention relies on active management of delivery and identification of risk factors. Keywords: HPPI; prevalence, associated factors; HZ Savè

ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and associated factors among hypertensive patients on follow up in selected public hospitals. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 15, 2022. The study participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique, and data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire and a patient chart review. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was used. A total of 336 adult hypertensive patients were selected from this 94.6% of them were participated in the study, and the mean age of participants was 59.71 ±7.552 years. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 48.1%. Advanced age, comorbidity, non-adherence to low-salt diets, Alcohol abuse, weight management activities and comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Hypertensive patients who were obese or high body mass index was 4.7 times more likely to have uncontrolled hypertension, and patients who were not adherent to Alcohol abstinence 2.5 times more likely to have uncontrolled hypertension. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in this study was very high, and non-adherence to a low-salt diet, physical exercise, and weight management were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, The Federal Ministry of Health should develop national strategic guidelines and public health initiatives focusing on education, lifestyle modification. Keywords: Uncontrolled hypertension, prevalence, associated factors, Adult patients

The aim our study is to study the occurrence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant and non-pregnant in Gaza strip. In cross-sectional study 164 sample was collected from pregnant and non pregnant woman attending Al-shifa hospital. Quantitative investigation of each blood sample for the levels of the specific IgG and IgM of T.gondii was done for collected sample. The overall prevalence of Toxoplasma IgG was found 33.2% and Toxoplasma. IgM was found to be 21%. The highest rate of IgG (47.4%) was in age group from 35-45 years old and IgM was (40%) in age group 25 to 35 years old. The women residing in the East Gaza city had IgG (42.2%) but in IgM was(32.1%) in the women residing in the North and Midzone. The highest rate of IgG (57.1%) and IgM (42.9%) were noticed among the employed women. In conclusion the result of this study shows a significant high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women, and an important association with different socioeconomic factors. It is recommended that Toxoplasma gondii should applied as a routine test in Gaza and further studies to determine the reality of the definitive host infection (cats) in Gaza.

Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among children <5 years of age worldwide. To determine the prevalence of severe rotavirus infection in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis attending Mbabane Government Referral Hospital in the Hhohho region and Raleigh Fitkin Memorial (RFM) Hospital in the Manzini Region of Swaziland, sentinel surveillance was conducted in January 2013 – December 2014. This is hospital based sentinel surveillance study. A total of 331 children under the age of five years with acute diarrhoea were enrolled into the sentinel surveillance system and 302 cases had stool samples tested for rotavirus antigens by enzyme immunoassay ProSpec T Rotavirus kit. The G and P genotypes were established by multiplex nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Rotavirus was detected in 159 (52.6%) of the 302 children with acute diarrhoea that had stool specimens collected and 108 (68%) of positive cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis were between 6-11 months of age and 91% were below the age of two years. Rotavirus infection occurred with peaks between June - August. During the 2013 – 2014 period, 146 samples were subjected for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotyping assays. The most common genotypes detected in Swaziland were 82% G2P[4] in 2013 and 93% G1P [8] in 2014. Swaziland would benefit by introducing rotavirus vaccine and hence reduce the hospitalization burden of managing acute diarrhoea cases attributed to Rotavirus. The data from the sentinel hospitals can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccine once introduced.

The prevalence of hypertension is rapidly increasing in India, both in urban and rural areas. The increase in incidence in hypertension at a younger age is essentially due to lifestyle factors. Given the rising prevalence of hypertension among young adults in developing countries early detection and treatment of high blood pressure is essential to the reduction of cardiovascular disease and prevention of associated burden of illness. The cross sectional study was conducted in a rural area in Goa among young adults in the age group 20-39 years. The study participants were interviewed with a structured pretested questionnaire. The three sections of the questionnaire included demographic variables, behavioural risk factors and physical measurements and examination. The data was entered and analysed using the SPSS software package. Bivariate analysis was performed to establish the association between the various factors and hypertension. Odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence interval. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 13.7% among young adults in the study area. The prevalence was higher among males (16.5%) compared to females (10.8%). On bivariate analysis; smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, obesity, family history of hypertension were identified as significant risk factors of hypertension. Multiple logistic regression identified alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity and abdominal obesity as the most significantly associated factors for hypertension. Hypertension to a great extent is a preventable disease hence appropriate preventive action can alter environments, protect against risk factors and change life expectations. On a population scale, relatively modest behavioural changes affecting several of the risk factors simultaneously can make dramatic changes in population health.