pharmacoeconomics

Every government system follows the principle of ultimate powers in divided authorities responsible to promote public welfare and safety through constitutional practice of economic freedom. Pharmacoeconomics deals with cost-effective analysis in alignment with administrative functions of the government in relation to ethical behavior of private companies to comply with the rules and regulations expressed by the legislation and its comparative parliamentary legal system for guidance and control of appropriate ethical conduct as advocated by warranty issues of intellectual property. The intended design of PDE-5 inhibitors for marketing their products for public use as medication is indicated in their patent registration as strict compliance of advocating patient safety. Hence, ethical issues on product warranty of declared intended use, health risks for economic benefit, sexuality, and gender as socio-legal utilization of resources, empirical healthcare practice based on registered declared intellectual property of product design, and economic interventions in advocacy of constitutional monetary freedom are aimed to be discussed and resolved in this paper. Public funds are used by the government to advocate cost-effective analysis in pharmacoeconomics. Therefore, direct taxation of product services and practice of health promotion must be properly addressed and coordination in aligning the institutional goals with employment law for proper compliance of handling patented products. Furthermore, indirect taxation based on public funds must resolve issues concerning taxes collected from private companies handling patented drug products with clear specification of intended design for patient efficacy and safety. It is recommended to provide ways of promoting pharmacoeconomics without the conflict of suffering the declared intellectual property design for handling and misleading the acquired taxes for public funds, which in turn will also be compensated for unregistered intellectual property design based on patent law.

Diabetes mellitus is a pandemic disease that has struck each and every corner of the world. It is a chronic disease caused by inherited/ acquired deficiency in insulin production or in effectiveness of insulin produced. A wide range of oral antidiabetic drugs such as sulphonylureas, biguanides, Alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides and the most recently introduced dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors have been used. The present article reviews various prescribing pattern studies of drugs conducted all over country and abroad. It was observed in the majority of such studies that physicians do not adhere to the guidelines made by regulatory agencies leading to irrational use of medicines. This in turn leads to increased incidence of treatment failure and economic burden on the patient and the community as a whole. The treatment of diseases by the use of essential drugs, prescribed by their generic names, has been emphasized by the WHO and the National Health Policy of India. We conclude that the prescribing pattern studies provide a bridge between areas like rational use of drugs, pharmacovigilance, evidence based medicine and pharmacoeconomics. In India, this is the need of the hour to utilize the data generated by so many prescribing pattern studies done in every state and on every drug, so that the main aim of promoting rational use of drugs is fulfilled.