epidemiology

Abstract: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. This epidemic had spread to 200 countries/territories with 2,471,930 confirmed cases, including 170,129 deaths, as of April 21, 2020. The World Health Organization declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This study analyzed and discussed the epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention of knowledge surrounding COVID-19 based on the current published evidence for a better understanding of the control of this virus. The reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhoea, haemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines are being recommended for reducing the transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment is proven effective; hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. This review in the hope of helping the public effectively recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and providing a reference for future studies.

Cervical Cancer continues to be a huge burden in the society in spite of remarkable advancement in diagnosis and management of the disease. In our country approximately 85% of cervical cancer patients present in locally advanced stage. Low socioeconomic status, early age of pregnancy, multiparity, high prevalence HPV infection and smoking have been the major factors responsible for cervical cancer. The study was designed to see epidemiological factors associated with incidence of cancer cervix in state of Bihar, India. The study was done on 600 cervical cancer patients from January 2015 to March 2015 who underwent radiotherapy at our hospital. Data were collected and statistical analysis was performed according to statistical package of graph and prism. Mean age of the patients was 49.5 years. Average parity was 4.81 children per patient. It was observed that 2.83%, 55.33%, 18.16%, 1.33% of patients belonged to FIGO stage I, II, III, IV respectively. Histology of the cervical cancer patient showed that 91.83% of the patients were squamous cell carcinoma.3.5% of the patients was of Adenocarcinoma and 1.67% of the patients were of adenosquamous cell carcinoma. It is concluded from our study that mean age of incidence of cervix cancer is low in Muslim women as well low in general as reported in other part of the country. Majority of patients were reported in advanced stage, with Average parity was 4.81 children per patient. 91% patients were having Squamous cell carcinoma.