breast cancer

The study included an epidemiological survey of cancer cases in the Syrian Arab Republic for the period between 2008-2012. The study was conducted according to international standards established by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the International Association of Cancer Records (IACR). The data were collected and classified according to age, gender, place of incidence and city of residence. Then they were scheduled, graphically illustrated, and statistically analysed. 46447 new cancer cases were reported during the period of study; 24240 cases among males, 22207 cases among females and 2008 cases between children (<15 years old). The data showed an increase in the new reported cases between 2008 and 2010, and that increment was followed by a decline in the total reported cases until 2012. The survey indicated that breast cancer was the most common type of cancer among females, while lung cancer was the most widespread among males. As for children, the highest incidence rate in the referred period was for leukaemia. Regarding the place of residense, Damascus ranked first in the number of reported case cancers, followed by Aleppo and Rural areas in Damascus.

The study aim to determine the role of vitamin D and BMI in basal expression of TNBC patient. TNBCs are a diverse set of tumors with one usual clinical character, a markedly aggressive behavior, greater proportions of relapse, lesser overall survival in the disseminating cases matched with further groups of breast malignancy. Cytokeratin 5/6 proteins are important in the classification of tumor cells as basal type. The current study was designed to determine the percentage of basal type by examination of cytokeratiein 5/6 and determining the role of BMI in the basal expression of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Triple-negative cancer was diagnosed in Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in AL- Najaf by a pathologist. cytokeratiein 5/6was determined by using the immunohistochemistry method. The WHO classification was determined to measure the body mass index. The number of patients involved was 70 patients. The study founded that the percentage of basal cancer was (77.1%) 54 and found a significant statistical difference in the age of menarche between basal type with other breast cancer subtype and there are no differences of statistical significance in the basal type and other cancer with subtype in tumor site and menopausal state and in BMI, The study concluded that basal subtype was more common than luminal subtype in studied TNBC and basal subtype of TNBC is associated significantly with age of menarche.

Breast carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in women. The important preoperative diagnostic modalities include ultrasonography and cytology. Prior to operation cytological grading of breast carcinomas would be desirable for the selection of patients for neoadjuvant therapy. This study has been carried with the aim to evaluate and correlate Robinson’s cytological grading with modified Bloom Richardson histological grading system for infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The period of study was one year (January 2015- December 2015), comprising of 56 female patients attending both outpatient departments (OPD) as well as admitted in ward. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears of invasive breast carcinoma, were graded according to the Robinson’s grading system. The corresponding histological sections were graded according to Elston and Ellis’ Nottingham modification of Bloom Richardson method. Out of 56 cases, 15 (27%) cases were graded as grade I, 31 (55%) grade II, and 10 (18%) grade III on cytology, whereas 16 (29%), 32 (57%) and 8 (14%) cases were graded as grade I, II and III on histology. The concordance rate between cytology and histology grades were 73.3%, 81% and 70% for grade I, II and III tumor respectively. Absolute concordance rate was 76.78%. Apart from being simple and non-invasive investigation, cytologic grading method could be comparable with histologic grading system and a useful parameter for selecting neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients of breast carcinoma.