Histopathology

Primary extramammary Paget's disease is a rare intra-epidermal neoplasm originating from apocrine gland duct cells or keratinocyte stem cells. Clinically, it manifests as asymmetrical white and red plaques, leading to frequent diagnostic delays due to nonspecific features. This prospective study, conducted from September 2021 to July 2023, included twenty cases with confirmed histopathology. Patients had a mean age of 69.25 years with a slight male predominance (55%). Vulva (40%) and scrotum (30%) were common initial sites in females and males, respectively. Paget cells were universally present, with acantholysis in 20% of cases. In situ disease occurred in 80%, while dermal invasion was seen in 20%, with hair follicles most commonly involved. This study underscores the importance of recognizing adnexal involvement in extramammary Paget's disease, aiding in accurate diagnosis and management.

ABSTRACT Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of vermiform appendix is extremely rare. A 62-year-old man presented to the Surgical Clinics with right lower abdominal pain, where he was diagnosed with acute appendicitis based on the history and examination with hematologic investigations and computed tomography. Appendectomy specimen grossly showed acute inflammation with appendiceal adhesions and body of the appendix showed wall thickening and luminal occlusion. Microscopically nests of carcinoma cells were seen with compressed nuclei and intracytoplasmic mucin invading into the muscular layer. No lymphovascular permeation was seen. The cut margins were negative for carcinoma cells. Immunohistochemically, SRCC cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK) AE1/3, EMA, CEA, MUC2, and high Ki-67 labeling index. They were negative for CK5/6, CK7, Vimentin, MUC1 and chromogranin. Our patient is fine after 6 months of follow up, with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis.

ABSTRACT The spectrum of the bladder cancer is quite diverse, with urothelial cancer making up the majority of the cases. Urothelial carcinoma represents more than 90.0% of bladder cancers. Most cases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder present in patients over the age of 50 years. We present a case report of a 47 year old male, who presented with complaints of blood in urine for one and a half months. CT-Scan showed an endophytic mass lesion involving left posterolateral wall of urinary bladder and left vesicoureteric junction. He was operated upon and was diagnosed as high grade urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation on histopathogical examination. Our patient was administered adjuvant chemotherapy, cisplastin 50mg/m2 x 6 cycles. He is doing well after 6 months of follow up period. Keywords: Urinary Bladder, Urothelial, Hematuria, Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the effect of low dose of Thuja occidentalis for three months on rabbit. To achieve this aim histopathology of heart, liver, stomach and kidney tissues of control groups as well as Thuja occidentalis treated groups with and without carbon tetrachloride was carried out on rabbits. Liver function test of the group injected CCl4 was also done. Our study demonstrated that minor harmful effects were found in liver and kidney tissues injected carbon tetrachloride but no major toxicity was observed in any of the examined tissues due to potent anti-oxidant potential of active constituents present in Thuja occidentalis.