Attitude

Healthcare-Associated Infections are a global health problem, which are frequently transmitted via the hands of healthcare workers. Hand hygiene is a simple and effective measure to reduce them. This retrospective cross-sectional study made use of a structured pre-tested and validated questionnaire, comprising three questions to assess knowledge, four to assess practice, and one to assess attitude. The study received 245 responses, grouped into doctors and nursing Staff. It was observed that cumulatively 80.95% of the participants had correct knowledge, 95.92% had the correct attitude, while 47.14% followed correct practices. Individually, more doctors had the correct knowledge (82.54%), right attitude (98.94%), and perform correct practices (53.44%) with respect to hand hygiene, as compared to nursing staff (75.60%,85.71%, and 25.89%, respectively), which contrasted many other studies. We therefore conclude that while healthcare professionals possess sufficient knowledge, and have the right attitude regarding HH, there is substantial deficit in complying with the five moments of HH. This can be addressed by conducting regular trainings and audits, so as to improve the HH compliance, thereby reducing the incidence of HAI.

ABSTRACT Background: While achievements have been gained with modern contraceptive use rising from 10% in 2005 to 47.5% in 2015 with a resultant fall in fertility from 6.1 children per woman to 4.2 children in Rwanda, there remain some challenges. The current study identified the influence of knowledge, attitude, accessibility and availability of contraceptive methods on unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in Rubavu District, Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried among 270 women (15–49 years) attending public health facilities in western province, Rubavu district. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to measure knowledge, attitudes and accessibility of contraceptive methods. The outcome variable was unmet need for family planning (unmet need for spacing and limiting births).Bivariate analysis was done for the independent variable with the dependent variable then multiple logistic regressions was computed. To identify the independent effects of independent variables to unmet need for contraception, the Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval was computed and statistical significance was defined when p-value was less than 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of unmet was 46.6% (Unmet need for spacing 27.78% and unmet need for limiting 18.9%). After adjusting for other variables, contraceptive methods improve standard of life (OR = 0.445, 95 % CI =0.222-0.092 , P =0.023 , Family Planning (F P) methods cause weakness (OR = 2.879, 95 % CI =1.428-5.805, P =0.003; joint decision to use FP (OR =0.472 , 95 % CI =0.286-0.778 , P =0.003 ), decision to use FP taken by husband (OR =2.703 , 95 % CI =1.320-5.536 , P =0.007 , were significantly associated with unmet for spacing . While FP methods cause headache (OR = 2.240, 95 % CI =1.068-4.696, P =0.033 joint decision to use FP (OR =0.561, 95 % CI =0.367-0.858, P =0.008), decision to use FP taken by husband (OR =2.283, 95 % CI =1.078-4.856, P =0.032 for unmet need for limiting) Conclusion: The attitudes that FP methods cause weakness, FP methods cause headache and decision to use FP taken by husband increase unmet need for family planning.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in women, and its incidence is on the increase. Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination are important strategies for early detection of the disease. The general objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of health education on breast self-examination amongst secondary school girls in Anambra State, Nigeria. Methodology: It was a before and after interventional study with control, in which 261 school girls were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The study group (197) which received health education was assessed contemporaneously with the control (64) at the pre- and post-intervention stages. Data was collected via self-administered questionnaire. Before health education, questionnaires were administered to assess their baseline knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination. The study group received information on breast self- examination, but the control group had health talk on the basics of hand washing technique. Questionnaires were administered again to both groups to assess the effectiveness of education on breast self-examination. Data was analyzed and presented in tables. Result: Showed a significant increase in the percentage score for knowledge from 40.9% to 85% for the study group as opposed to the control group which percentage score remained unchanged at 47.1%. The attitude scores of respondents in both groups which were almost the same before education (93.4% and 87.5% respectively) before education, did not record significant changes following education (98% and 84.4% respectively).Overall the practice score reduced markedly from 67% to 39.6% among study group (p<0.001) but among those who continued BSE after education, significant improvements in specific practice item scores were recorded among them: (frequency- p<0.01; time- p<0.001; and place- p<0.001) Conclusion: The results demonstrated the effectiveness of education on th