Sammy Nyariki

Morphometric data also guides surgical techniques and tunnel placement. The ACL inserts onto relatively broad, variably shaped footprints on the femur and tibia, which cannot always be reproduced by a single circular tunnel . Precise knowledge of footprint size and shape allows surgeons to determine whether single-bundle or double-bundle reconstruction best restores the patient’s anatomy. Another critical role of ACL morphometry is in biomechanical outcomes and joint stability. A close match between graft and native ACL dimensions improves anterior-posterior stability and rotational control, both of which are essential for return to high-level activities . When tunnel placement fails to align with the native fiber orientation, abnormal graft tensioning and altered kinematics can result, predisposing to failure or early degenerative changes . Hence, morphometric insights translate directly to surgical accuracy, graft longevity, and patient functional outcomes.