Barry Ayumba

Morphometric data also guides surgical techniques and tunnel placement. The ACL inserts onto relatively broad, variably shaped footprints on the femur and tibia, which cannot always be reproduced by a single circular tunnel . Precise knowledge of footprint size and shape allows surgeons to determine whether single-bundle or double-bundle reconstruction best restores the patient’s anatomy. Another critical role of ACL morphometry is in biomechanical outcomes and joint stability. A close match between graft and native ACL dimensions improves anterior-posterior stability and rotational control, both of which are essential for return to high-level activities . When tunnel placement fails to align with the native fiber orientation, abnormal graft tensioning and altered kinematics can result, predisposing to failure or early degenerative changes . Hence, morphometric insights translate directly to surgical accuracy, graft longevity, and patient functional outcomes.

Background: Traumatic spinal injuries (TSI) are a significant cause of morbidity, disability, and socioeconomic burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to specialized care and rehabilitation remains limited. This study evaluated theclinical presentation, injury patterns, and management ofTSI at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya. A prospective descriptive study was conducted among 28 patients with TSI recruited Methods: through consecutive sampling. Data collected included demographics, injury mechanisms, anatomical levels, neurological severity, associated injuries, treatment modalities, complications, and functional outcomes. Neurological assessments was performed using the ASIA Impairment Scale. Results : The mean age was 37.9 years (SD 12.4), with males comprising 85.7% of participants. Farmers (25%) and casual labourers (17.9%) were the most represented occupational groups. Falls were the leading mechanism of injury, while the lumbar spine was the most frequently affected region. Most patients (89.3%) had incomplete or no neurological impairment (ASIA D/E). Surgical intervention was performed in 67.9% of patients, with a mean time to surgery of 3.8days (SD3.22). The mean hospitalstay was 12.8days (SD10.9). Conclusion: TSI predominantly affected economically active males, with falls being the leading cause. Strengthening occupational injury prevention, prehospital spinal care, timely referral, and comprehensive rehabilitation services may improve patient management in resource-limited settings. Keywords: Traumatic spinal injuries; Spinal trauma; Neurological impairment; Surgical management;Kenya.