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📢 Latest Update: Call for Papers: Special Issue on Medical and Health Research – Submit to British Journal (BJMHR) by March 31, 2026

📢 Latest Update: Call for Papers: Special Issue on Medical and Health Research – Submit to British Journal (BJMHR) by March 31, 2026

Volume 4, Issue 10 - 2017 (October 2017 Issue 10)

Volume 4 Issue 10 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 4 Issue 10
Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: October 2017 Issue 10

Welcome to the 2017 issue of British Journal of Medical and Health Research. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Hemangi J Patel
Editor-in-Chief
British Journal of Medical and Health Research

Articles in This Issue

Showing 5 of 5 articles
Research PaperID: BJMHR0410001

Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Threat, Treatment, and Future trends in Management

Mila Nu Nu Htay, Angus E Aranan, Wai Wai Myint, Win Htay

Emergence of antibiotic resistance is a global concern in this era to combat infectious diseases. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and the drug of choice for treatment was penicillin. However, the first clinically significant penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococcus (PNSP) was documented in 1967. Since then, penicillin resistance strain had been identified in different continents of the world. Among 94 serotypes of S. pneumoniae, “paediatric serotypes” (6A, 6B, 9V, 14, 15A, 19A, 19F and 23F) were found to have the highest resistance to penicillin and erythromycin globally. The mechanism of penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is conveyed by the alternation of the structure of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), which leads to reducing the affinity for penicillin. There is a relationship between antibiotic consumption and dissemination of antibiotic resistant pneumococcal clones in Southern and Eastern Europe, America, and Asia. Therefore, rational use of antibiotics is important in order to decrease the development and spread of resistant strains. After the introduction of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 7 vaccine, non-vaccine serotypes like 6C, 11A, 15A, and 15B/C have increased in prevalence. Since the changes in serotype prevalence due to selective pressure have been observed, it is necessary to monitor the prevalent serotypes. Optimal coverage may be achieved by using vaccines with a wide range of serotype coverage in the future. In managing pneumococcal infections, sensitivity tests are important to choose the appropriate antibiotics. In severe pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia patients at the area of high prevalence of PNSP, the initial antibiotics must include intravenous carbapenems, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime or newer quinolones, meanwhile, penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis (≥ 2 µg/ml) is vancomycin and ceftriaxone or cefotaxime. Judicious use of antibiotics, modification of the treatment duration and encouragement for adherence by patients are recommended to prevent antibiotic resistance. Development of new classes of drugs and novel therapeutic regimen is essential to overcome the hazard of penicillin resistance pneumococcal infection in future.

Penicillin resistanceβ-LactamsStreptococcus pneumoniaeCommunity-acquired respiratory tract infections.
26,821 views
8,107 downloads

Contributors:

 Mila Nu Nu Htay
,
 Angus E Aranan
,
 Wai Wai Myint
,
 Win Htay
Research PaperID: BJMHR0410002

EVALUATION OF MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF CARALLUMA FIMBRIATA EXTRACTS

somayeh Afsah Vakili, Syed Fayazuddin, Ajay George

Caralluma fimbriata (Asclepiadaceae) grows wild all over India and is a traditional food plant. It is well known as a famine food, appetite suppressant and thirst quencher. The current investigation was designed to evaluate memory enhancing activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Caralluma fimbriata by using Cookʾpole climbing apparatus and estimation of acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Scopolamine butyl bromide (1mg/kg bw, i.p) were administrated to animals thirty minutes before foot shock to produce amnesia. Animals were trained to leap on the pole to avoid electrical shock. They received 200 and 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Caralluma fimbriata orally one hour before the induction of foot shock daily. Acetyl cholinesterase activity was appraised by supplying an acetyl thiocholine as substrate which cause to release thiocholine as consequence of cleaving by acetyl cholinesterase. Thiocholine reduced Ellman reagent to thionitrobenzoic acid as yellow product which could absorb light at 412 nm. The groups treated with aqueous and ethanol extracts of Caralluma fimbriata were exhibited to enhance memory by restored mean percentage of conditional avoidance response towards normal. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory activities of extracts of Caralluma fimbriata were found to have the supportive memory enhancing activity by magnifying the cognitive function.

Keywords: Caralluma fimbriatamemory enhancing activitycookʾpole climbing apparatus
27,041 views
8,147 downloads

Contributors:

 somayeh Afsah Vakili
,
 Syed Fayazuddin
,
 Ajay George
Research PaperID: BJMHR0410003

Analysis of the In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia

Darina Nikolova Miteva, Vanya Kostadinova Stefanova, Yordan Radkov Dimitrov

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease with frequent hospitalization and still high mortality rate. Aim: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients who died in the hospital from CAP. Materials and Methods: 1292 patients hospitalized in the Clinic of Pneumonology and Phthisiatrics of MHAT “Saint Marina” – Varna were retrospectively studied for the period 2012 to 2015. Data were analyzed with statistical program SPSS.20. Results: 148 patients (11.5%) died during the hospital stay. The non-survivors were significantly older than the survivors (67.6±14.2 vs. 58.9±17.1 years, p<0.001). No significant difference in the mortality rate between male and female was proven (12.3 % vs. 10.3 %, р=0.15). Charlson comorbidity index was significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (3.28±2.21 vs. 1.36±1.63, p<0.001). Patients with dementia, carcinoma with metastases and cerebrovascular disease as concomitant comorbidities had the highest risk of dying in the hospital (OR 6.86 (3.97-11.84); 4.33 (1.43-13.12); 4.05 (2.77-5.92) resp. p<0.05) C-reactive protein was also significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (171.85±83.17mg/L vs.123.42±99.68mg/L, р<0.001). The most common complication was acute respiratory failure (89.9%). Of the deceased patients 16.9% did not meet the criteria for severe CAP according to IDSA/ATS on admission. Most of the deceased patients (52%) died within the first 3 days of the hospital stay. Conclusion: Older patients with comorbidities had higher risk of dying in the hospital. Patients with CAP need intensified monitoring especially in the first 3 days even if they do not have severe pneumonia on admission.

Community-acquired pneumoniaseveritymortality
26,744 views
8,201 downloads

Contributors:

 Darina Nikolova Miteva
,
 Vanya Kostadinova Stefanova
,
 Yordan Radkov Dimitrov
Research PaperID: BJMHR0410004

Schizophrenia is a stress memory whose prominent symptom is psychosis: a literary update

Laupu W

Two distinct schools of thought and two men have continued to dominate psychiatry over the past century. Despite both of these men supporting eugenics; Emil Kraepelin and Paul Eugen Bleuler also held very different views on how better outcomes could best be achieved. Progress in the delivery of better outcomes for schizophrenia has halted. Gaining an understanding of the neurobiology involved in schizophrenia may facilitate the delivery of better clinical outcomes. An extensive narrative review of the literature was undertaken to ascertain a neurobiological basis for schizophrenia. This review revealed a metabolic disorder that produces an adaptation to chronic nutrient or hypoxic stress. The formation of a stress memory will be explored. An evidence base will be presented to support rationale for relabeling psychiatric disorders as a stress memory with prominent symptoms. For instance, psychosis, mood disturbance, persistently low mood, anxiety or a delayed reaction in the case of post-traumatic stress disorder. Besides the argument for neurobiological and symptom accuracy, an appropriate name change may be prudent to reduce the burden of stigma that was derived from the eugenics movement and which continues to defame people today.

schizophreniapost-traumatic stress disorderbipolar disorderdepressionanxiety
26,862 views
8,130 downloads

Contributors:

 Laupu W
Research PaperID: BJMHR0410005

Diagnostic Sensitivity of Anti-cyclic Citrullinated Peptide ACCP2 and Rheumatoid Factor Isotypes RFs in Sudanese Rheumatoid Arthritis RA Patients.

AbdElkarim A Abdrabo, Salih A Elmahdi, AbdallaEltoum Ali, Musa A M Nur, Elnoor M Elagib, Abdelrahim O Mohamed

The early diagnosis is essential, as it has been observed that progression occurs within 2 years of disease onset.. An aggressive intervention with new and effective biological treatments can alter the course of the disease, prevent joint destruction, lengthen life, and improve function . RA is known to be associated with broad range or the presence of a large number of autoantibodies The present study was designed as a case-control study, carried out in the National Ribat University Hospital, in Khartoum State, Sudan. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of RA serological markers. The study group composed of 88 patients with RA; all patients had fulfilled the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) (5), whereas control group composed of 53 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from the study population in order to determine RF-isotypes namely (RF-IgM, RF-IgA), and ACCP2. RF-isotypes and ACCP2 were measured quantitatively using a Sandwich Enzyme–Linked Immunosorbant Assay ELISA (Euroimmune, Germany). displayed that 56.8% of the study group had positive RF-IgM, where it was 22.6% in control group. RF-IgA showed positive reaction in 47.7% and 30.2% of study group and control group, respectively Both RF-isotypes were found to be positive in 33(37.5%) and 6(11.3%) of study group and control group respectively. The ACCP2 was found positive in 52(59.1%) of study group and in 3(5.7%) of control group (table 2). The mean value of ACCP2 in RA patients was statistically significant than that of control group (p.value =0.000). Sensitivity for RA was highest for ACCP2 59%, followed by RF-IgM 56.82%. Utility of two combined RF-isotypes autoantibodies sensitivity for RA was 69(78.4%) and will be 90.9% when ACCP2 was enrolled with the 2 RF-isotypes. In this study 11(12.5%) patients were RF-isotypes negative and positive for ACCP2. Correlation between ACCP2 & RF-IgM was 0.386 and was 0.255 between ACCP2 and RF-IgA and there was no such correlations with the controls. This study showing that the ACCP2 had slightly better sensitivity than RFs among RA patients, and the diagnostic sensitivity of RA increased when ACCP2 was added in the panel along with RF-isotypes.

Rheumatoid arthritisAuto-antibodies of ACCP2 and RF-IgM plus RF-IgASudan
26,957 views
8,224 downloads

Contributors:

 AbdElkarim A Abdrabo
,
 Salih A Elmahdi
,
 AbdallaEltoum Ali
,
 Musa A M Nur
,
 Elnoor M Elagib
,
 Abdelrahim O Mohamed

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