In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of Total Fill Bioceramic Root Repair material putty for endodontic use

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of Total Fill (FKG Dentaire SA, Switzerland) and compare it with white MTA and Biodentine. Materials and methods. The biocompatibility of Total Fill (FKG Dentaire SA, Switzerland) was tested in comparison with ΜΤΑ (Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) bioceramic materials. Cytotoxicity was investigated in terms of cell proliferation throughout the MTT assay, cell viability using FDA/PI test on MG63 pre-osteoblasts cell line for 24h, 48h and 72h. SEM micrographs have been used to describe the morphology of the cells seeded on the different ceramics. The alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was measured using the QUANTI-Blue method for experimental and control groups. As control the cells were seeded at the Tissue Culture Plastic (TCP). All the experiments were performed in triplicate in 3 independed runs and statistically analysed using 2-way ANOVA. Results. MTT assay results showed a major rate of proliferation, after 72h of seeding of the MG63 cells on the Total Fill sealing material than MTA and Biodentin. These results were in accordance with those obtained by the FDA/PI double staining and the SEM micrographs. Conclusions. All tested sealing materials performed an optimal biocompatibility, although Total Fill prevailed due to the characteristics of its solid state. In particular Total Fill presented an improved consistency which allowed the cells to populate the entire mass of the material, maintaining their viability.