British Journal of Medical and Health Research BJMHR 2394-2967 BJMHR8130003 BIOMECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CLEAR ALIGNER THERAPY: FORCE DELIVERY, MOVEMENT CONTROL AND THEIR CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS. G Dr. Manas V Dr Preethi Ashok Dr. Thrishna Jacob Dr. Steve Mathew K Dr. Jithesh Kumar Marish Dr. Panjami N Dr. Ashwathi Haridas Dr. Aravind Senior lecturer Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe -673310 Pondicherry university Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe -673310 Pondicherry university, India Senior lecturer , Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital,Mahe -673310, Pondicherry university, India MDS , Senior lecturer , Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital,Mahe -673310, Pondicherry university, India MDS, Professor and Head of the department , Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe -673310 , Pondicherry university, India MDS, Professor , Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe -673310 , Pondicherry university, India MDS , Reader, Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe -673310 , Pondicherry university, India MDS, Reader, Department of Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe -673310 , Pondicherry university, India 08 01 2026 13 8 20 42

Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has evolved as a viable orthodontic treatment approach as digital technology, biomaterials, and biomechanical principles have advanced over time.It was originally used for mild malocclusions, but improvements in aligner design, attachments and digital treatment planning have led to its use in more complex orthodontic situations. This review will present biomechanical principles that define force delivery and tooth movement control and their clinical implications in challenging patients treated with the use of clear aligners. The effects of aligner material properties, thickness, stress relaxation, staging protocols, and attachment design on the magnitude, direction, and predictability of force are discussed. The biomechanical properties of different tooth movements, such as tipping, bodily movement, rotation, intrusion, extrusion, torque and arch expansion are evaluated, highlighting limitations and opportunities for improving treatment outcomes. KEY WORDS:Clear aligner therapy (CAT) ,Orthodontic biomechanics ,Force delivery

 Clear aligner therapy (CAT) Orthodontic biomechanics Force delivery