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         article-type="Survey-based research"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>British Journal of Medical and Health Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">BJMHR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2394-2967</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.20155933</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BJMHR5130002</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL INADEQUACIES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>P</surname>
            <given-names>Madhura B</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sairam*</surname>
            <given-names>Sudha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>R</surname>
            <given-names>Dr Subramanian</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>S</surname>
            <given-names>Dr Anilkumar C</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Koushik</surname>
            <given-names>Dr Ajay</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Dixit Aarogya Dhaama, Ayurveda Hospital</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">Brundavana Hospital</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-11">
        <month>05</month>
        <day>11</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>13</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>11</fpage>
      <lpage>27</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>Methodology- A total of 300 subjects aged 25-75 years were selected from reputed hospitals based on inclusion criteria. Data on demographics, medical history, dietary intake through FFQ and 24-hour dietary recall, anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, inflammatory &amp; nutritional biomarkers were analysed. Results- Nutrient intake analysis showed 270 subjects had inadequate daily intake of protein, essential fatty acids, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc. BMI was normal (21.1±1.21 kg/m²) among subjects n=93 subjects, n=160 were overweight/obese (25.54±1.98 kg/m²), n=24 were undernourished (16.93±1.43 kg/m²). Handgrip strength was weak in 210 subjects, 85 were normal, and only 5 were strong. Clinical signs &amp; symptoms, including joint pain, swelling and stiffness, were mild in males and moderate in females. Nutritional biomarkers showed normal calcium (8.63±0.66mg/dl) and hemoglobin (14.01±0.27g/dl) levels in males but low calcium (7.99±0.12mg/dl) and hemoglobin (11.82±0.08g/dl) levels in females. Inflammatory markers, ESR (76.74±27.26mm/hr) and CRP (36.67±20.24mg/dl), were higher in females compared to males ESR (43±17.51mm/hr) and CRP (25.68±5.20mg/dl). Conclusion- The evidence suggests the need for nutrient-dense diet, focusing more on protective-nutrients such as protein, calcium, iron, and essential fatty acids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. A holistic approach combining medical and nutrition therapy is recommended for better RA management and improved quality of life.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Antiinflammatory</kwd>
        <kwd>Nutrient adequacy</kwd>
        <kwd>Protective nutrients</kwd>
        <kwd>Anti-oxidant</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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