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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>British Journal of Medical and Health Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">BJMHR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2394-2967</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.16924682</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BJMHR1207003</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Schools, Social Services, and Digital-Based Tools (Setting) in Early Detection and Intervention for Adolescent Mental Health Disorders in the UK.</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ADINDU</surname>
            <given-names>Kelechi Nelson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>OYELU</surname>
            <given-names>Adeola Mary</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>MUHAMMAD</surname>
            <given-names>Musa Yahaya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>CHINUOKWU</surname>
            <given-names>Treasure Akelachi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ADESINA</surname>
            <given-names>Oluwafemi Abiola</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>OKWERE</surname>
            <given-names>Caleb V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>EKERIA</surname>
            <given-names>Oyetola F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>SUMAILA</surname>
            <given-names>Tosin Fadil</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>NWALI</surname>
            <given-names>Chukwuedu Paul</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ADEWOLE</surname>
            <given-names>Ayobami O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>KALU</surname>
            <given-names>Ezinne Philias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>AKUBUE</surname>
            <given-names>Nnaemeka</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ADELEKAN</surname>
            <given-names>Adebowale ADELEKAN</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">School of Allied and Public Health, University of Chester, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Department of Psychiatry: Gateway Recovery Centre, Widnes, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff4">General Practice Specialty Trainee - Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff5">General Practitioner, Modality Partnership, Hull, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff6">Department of Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit, Cygnet Hospital Maidstone, Kent, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff7">Department of Community Geriatrics. NHS Lothian, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff8">General Practice Trainee, Furness General Hospital â€“ Dalton Ln, Barrow-in-Furness, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff9">Department of Adult Psychiatry, Lead Employer Trust (Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust), United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff10">Resident Medical Officer, Cygnet Hospital Wolverhampton, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff11">Community Medicine Department, University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria</aff>
      <aff id="aff12">School of Allied &amp; Public Health, University of Chester, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff13">Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS foundation Trust</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01">
        <month>07</month>
        <day>01</day>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <abstract>
        <p>Mental health interventions encompass a broad-spectrum including promotion, prevention, early intervention, treatment, recovery, and maintenance. However, the specific roles of various social settings and toolsâ€”such as schools, social services, and digital platformsâ€”remain inadequately understood or integrated. This systematic review aimed to establish evidence-based insights into the roles of these settings and tools in the early detection and intervention of adolescent mental health disorders in the United Kingdom (UK). A comprehensive search of six electronic databases was conducted between the 8th and 19th of April 2025, supported by policy documents and supplemented by reference list screening of included and review articles. The search strategy was guided by the PIOS framework. Out of 9,325 citations screened, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies, published between 2016 and 2023, focused on adolescents aged 8 to 25 years and addressed various disorders, including social anxiety disorder. There is need for integration and multidisciplinary collaboration to increase the extent and effectiveness of mental health interventions. Albeit digital tools or online delivery approach offers the opportunity to overcome many of the limitations associated with school-based tools. However, consistent data collection across the social service, health and education settings, an all-encompassing information can be generated to support the understanding of individualsâ€™ exposure to risk factors for mental health problems.
Keywords: Mental Health, Early Detection, Intervention, Schools, Social Services, Digital Technologies</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Mental Health</kwd>
        <kwd>Early Detection</kwd>
        <kwd>Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Schools</kwd>
        <kwd>Social Services</kwd>
        <kwd>Digital Technologies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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