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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>British Journal of Medical and Health Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">BJMHR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2394-2967</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46624/bjmhr.2021.v8.i2.005</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BJMHR0802005</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Gender differences in electrocardiographic findings in the elderly; A Nigerian aging and health study.</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oguanobi</surname>
            <given-names>Nelson Ifeanyi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Odenigbo</surname>
            <given-names>Charles U</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oguejiofor</surname>
            <given-names>Ogonna C</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aniekwensi</surname>
            <given-names>Ezechukwu Ezechukwu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Okonkwo</surname>
            <given-names>Uchenna C</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Odenigbo</surname>
            <given-names>Ukamaka M</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Agogbua</surname>
            <given-names>Tobenna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Department of Internal Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria,</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">Department of Internal Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria</aff>
      <aff id="aff4">Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.</aff>
      <aff id="aff5">Department of Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria</aff>
      <aff id="aff6">Department of Dietetics Federal University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2021-02-01">
        <month>02</month>
        <day>01</day>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <abstract>
        <p>Background
It is postulated that age-related physiologic changes in the elderly would affect the gender variation in electrocardiogram.
Objectives
This study was aimed at comparing electrocardiographic indices and findings apparently healthy male and female elderly individuals.
Methods
A total of 66 healthy elderly subjects were recruited for the study. These were drawn from the attendees to the quarterly medical lecture series of the Ebreime Foundation for the Elderly, a Non Governmental Organization. The study was conducted in the medical outpatient clinics of Federal Medical Center, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. All subjects had resting 12-lead electrocardiography, background medical history assessment and clinical examination to evaluate their cardiovascular status at rest. 
Results
The participants were composed of 46 males and 20 females with mean ages Â±(standard deviation) of 69.82(8.1) and 66.05(6.83) respectively.  The female participants had significantly higher body mass index  and waist and hip circumferences. The overall prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormality was greater in males than females, (89.23% vs 70.0%). Significant gender variations were noted in QRS duration and QTc measurements which were all significantly increased in men and women respectively, Among the female participants, significant correlations were noted between QRS duration, PR interval and waist hip ratio and hip circumference respectively, (r= -.446;P=.044 and r=-.427;P=.046). There were significant gender differences in the occurrence of  ST-segment elevation and long QTc &gt; 0.440ms, which were higher in men and women respectively.  
Conclusion.
High obesity indices correlate with electrocardiographic markers of increased cardiovascular 
risk in elderly women.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Gender</kwd>
        <kwd>differences</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>elderly</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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