Introduction: Orthodontic retainers are used to control the new position and occlusal relationships achieved with orthodontic treatment. It helps in stabilisation of tissues after removal of orthodontic appliances. But, can affect periodontal health as maintenance of proper hygiene becomes difficult due to plaque accumulation. Methodology: Literature search was conducted to evaluate effect of orthodontic retainers on periodontal health. Studies in English and full texts were assessed after fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Results: Eight articles were assessed for periodontal outcomes such as Plaque Index, Calculus Index, Bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss in patients wearing fixed or removable orthodontic retainers. Long term usage of retainers negatively impacted periodontal health. No significant difference was noted in patients with orthodontic retainers and those without. Conclusion: Further studies with prospective study designs are recommended to analyse the effect of retainers on gingival and periodontium.