<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Article Tag Suite 1.1//EN"
  "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         article-type="research-article"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>British Journal of Medical and Health Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">BJMHR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2394-2967</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BJMHR0307010</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>HIF-1Î±, MMP-1 &amp; MMP-9: A prognostic tool for early breast cancer detection</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>G</surname>
            <given-names>El Khatib</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>S</surname>
            <given-names>Antoun</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>E</surname>
            <given-names>Salloum</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>J</surname>
            <given-names>Irani</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>E</surname>
            <given-names>Anastasiades</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>F</surname>
            <given-names>Ghandour</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>I</surname>
            <given-names>El Hajj</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>E</surname>
            <given-names>Chalhoub</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">University Of Balamand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program Achrafieh, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Saint George Hospital â€“ University Medical Center</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2016-07-01">
        <month>07</month>
        <day>01</day>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <abstract>
        <p>Breast cancer is one of the most malignant cancers responsible for women death worldwide. Approximately half of them will eventually develop metastases. With early detection, chances of cure increases with a long term survival over 95%. Tumor cells secrete chemotactic factors capable of attracting monocytes to the site of inflammation. Once recruited, monocytes become under direct influence of malignant cells and differentiate into Tumor-Associated Macrophages able to secrete different pro-angiogenic factors, an important extracellular matrix change that enables tumor growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between expression levels of selected biomolecules: HIF-1Î±, MMP-1, MMP-9 and cancer progression. Breast biopsies were collected from patients with four different grades of severity (Grade 0 - Grade 3). cDNAâ€™s was synthetized and quantified using Q-RT-PCR. Correlation between the expression level of these biomolecules and cancer progression / staging was done using statistical tests. Our results showed that expression levels of HIF-1Î± were significantly higher in G1 compared to G0; MMP-1 and MMP-9 were highly expressed at more advanced stages. As sensitivity/specificity statistical test confirmed, a sequential test is recommended in which HIF-1Î± is used as a marker for early stages of breast cancer, MMP-1 for determining G2 and G3 stages, and MMP-9 to confirm G3 staging.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>HIF-1Î±</kwd>
        <kwd>MMP1</kwd>
        <kwd>MMP9</kwd>
        <kwd>Breast Cancer</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <!-- Full article body not available in metadata-only JATS export. See PDF/HTML galley. -->
  </body>
  <back/>
</article>
